INTERIM PROVISIONS OF THE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE,THE STATE ADMINISTRATION FOR INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF OFFICES WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF CHINA BY FOREIGN LAW FIRMS

The Ministry of Justice, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce

Interim Provisions of the Ministry of Justice,the State Administration for Industry and Commerce on the Establishment of Offices within
the Territory of China by Foreign Law Firms

the Ministry of Justice, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce

May 26, 1992

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1

These Provisions are formulated for the purposes of promoting the foreign economic and trade development and legal affairs exchange
and administering the establishment of offices within the territory of China by foreign law firms.

Article 2

Upon approval of the Ministry of Justice of the People’s Republic of China and with registration at the State Administration for Industry
and Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, foreign law firms may establish their offices within the territory of China.

Article 3

Without approval and registration, no foreign law firm may establish any office within the territory of China and carry out any business
activity permitted by these Provisions. No foreign law firm may engage in a legal service activity in the name of consulting company
or commercial company or any other name.

Article 4

Offices established within the territory of China by foreign law firms (hereinafter referred to as offices of foreign law firms) and
their members must comply with China’s laws and may not harm the State security and social public interests of China and the lawful
rights and interests of Chinese citizens and legal persons.

Article 5

Business activities engaged in by the offices of foreign law firms and their members within the scope of these Provisions are protected
by China’s laws.

Article 6

According to the principle of mutual benefits, if a country to which the foreign law firm belongs allows Chinese law firms establish
offices within its territory, foreign law firms of the said country may establish offices within the territory of China according
to these Provisions.

Chapter II Establishment and Termination

Article 7

A foreign law firm which desires to establish an office within the territory of China shall submit its written application directly
to the Ministry of Justice of the People’s Republic of China or to the department (bureau) of justice in the place where the office
is located for transferring to the Ministry of Justice. The Ministry of justice of the People’s Republic of China examines the application,
makes a decision of approval or disapproval and issues a notice to the applicant within 60 days.

Article 8

A foreign law firm applying to establish an office within the territory of China shall submit the following materials (one original
and two duplicate copies) to the Ministry of Justice of the People’s Republic of China:

(1)

a written application signed by the legal representative or the major partner of the said foreign law firm, which contains:

the name of the firm;

reasons for establishing the office;

basic information about the said foreign law firm;

profiles of the chief representative and other members of the office;

the scope of business;

term and location of the office.

(2)

the legal certificate of business (duplicate) and letter of recommendation issued by the competent organ or organization of the country
to which the foreign law firm belongs;

(3)

power of attorney on the appointment of the chief representative of the office by the said law firm;

(4)

qualification certificates (duplicates) of lawyers dispatched to the office;

(5)

a letter of guarantee for complying with China’s laws and accepting supervision and administration from the relevant departments of
China; and

(6)

laws or documents of the country to which the said law firm belongs on allowing foreign law firms to establish offices in the said
country.

The written application specified in the preceding paragraph must be written in Chinese language, and other materials must be accompanied
with Chinese translations; the documents specified in sub-paragraphs (2), (3) and (4) of the preceding paragraph must be notarized
by the notary organizations of the country to which the foreign law firm belongs, and certified by the embassy or consulate of the
People’s Republic of China in the said country.

Article 9

An applicant shall, within 60 days after receiving the notice of approval, acquire a certificate of approval at the time and place
designated by the Ministry of Justice of the People’s Republic of China.

The applicant shall, within 30 days from the date of issuing the certificate of approval, apply for registration to the State Administration
for Industry and Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, and if no application for registration is filed as scheduled, the certificate
of approval becomes invalid automatically.

Article 10

The name of the office of a foreign law firm shall be called XX Law Firm XX (the city name) Office.

Article 11

The term of the office of a foreign law firm is five years, and upon approval, may be extended after the expiration of the term. The
term is computed from the date of issuing the certificate of registration.

Article 12

If the office of a foreign law firm changes its name, business scope, office location or chief representative, it shall submit a written
application to the organ originally approving its establishment, and after approval, apply to the original registration organ for
change registration within 30 days by presenting the document of approval.

Article 13

If the term of an office of a foreign law firm expires or its business activities are terminated in advance, it shall, 60 days in
advance, submit a written report to the original approval organ and registration organ, and after completing the settlement of its
taxes, debts and other matters, go through cancellation registration at the original registration organ.

Article 14

Foreign law firms assume direct responsibility for taxes and debts of their offices established within the territory of China.

Chapter III Business

Article 15

Offices of foreign law firms and their members may engage in the following business activities:

(1)

to provide consultancy to their clients on laws of the countries approving the lawyers of the said law firms to practice lawyer’s
business and on related international treaties, international commercial laws and international practice;

(2)

to accept authorization from their clients or China s law firms to handle legal affairs in the countries which have approved the lawyers
of the said law firms; and

(3)

to represent for foreign clients and to entrust China’s law firms to handle legal affairs within the territory of China.

Article 16

Offices of foreign law firms and their members may not engage in the following business activities:

(1)

to act as agent on Chinese legal affairs;

(2)

to interpret China s laws to their clients; or

(3)

other business activities not allowed by China’s laws for foreigners to engage in.

Article 17

Hiring of employees by offices of foreign law firms are handled with reference to the relevant provisions on the administration of
employees of permanent representative organizations of foreign enterprises.

Offices of foreign law firms may not employ Chinese lawyers.

Article 18

When engaging in business activities, offices of foreign law firms may charge fees from their clients. Fees charged from business
activities within the territory of China shall be settled within the territory of China. Their charging methods and standards must
be reported to the approval organ and registration organ for the record.

Chapter IV Administration

Article 19

The Ministry of Justice of the People’s Republic of China is the government department in charge of the administration of offices
of foreign law firms, exercises unified administration, supervision and inspection of business activities of offices established
in China by foreign law firms.

The Ministry of justice of the People’s Republic of China authorizes the departments (bureaus) of Justice of provinces, autonomous
regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in the places where the offices of foreign law firms are located
to administer, supervise and inspect business activities of offices of foreign law firms according to these Interim Provisions.

Article 20

Offices of foreign law firms and their members shall follow China’s laws in carrying out their activities of entry and exit, residence,
taxation, foreign exchange, financial accounting and other fields, and accept the administration and supervision from the competent
organs of the Chinese government.

Article 21

Foreign law firms shall pay application fees to the approval organs when applying to establish offices within the territory of China,
and shall pay registration fees to the registration organs when applying for registration.

Article 22

Offices of foreign law firms must, prior to January 30 each year, submit their reports in Chinese language on their business activities,
financial revenues and expenditures, tax payment and other related information in the preceding year (in three copies) to the local
departments (bureaus) of justice.

The office of a foreign law firm must, 30 days prior to the expiration of the Registration Certificate issued by the registration
organ, apply to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce for a replacement of certificate.

Article 23

If an office of a foreign law firm violates these Provisions, the Ministry of Justice of the People’s Republic of China or its authorized
department (bureau) of justice of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government may give
such sanctions as warning, order for suspension of business or revocation of the approval according to the seriousness of the circumstance;
and the State Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People’s Republic of China or its authorized local administrative organ
for industry and commerce may give such sanctions as fine, confiscation of illegal gains or revocation of its registration in accordance
with laws and regulations governing the administration for industry and commerce.

Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

Article 24

The establishment of permanent representatives within China by foreign law firms is governed by applying mutatis mutandis these Interim
Provisions.

Article 25

The establishment of offices or permanent representatives in the Chinese mainland by law firms from Hong Kong and Macao is governed
by reference to these Interim Provisions for the time being.

Article 26

The Ministry of Justice of the People’s Republic of China is responsible for the interpretation of these Interim Provisions.

Article 27

These Interim Provisions shall enter into force as of the date of promulgation.

The Ministry of Justice, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce
1992-05-26

PROTECTION OF MINORS

Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Minors

(Adopted at the 21st Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People’s Congress on September 4, 1991, promulgated
by Order No. 50 of the President of the People’s Republic of China on September 4, 1991 and effective as of January 1, 1992)

CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER II PROTECTION BY THE FAMILY

CHAPTER III PROTECTION BY THE SCHOOL

CHAPTER IV PROTECTION BY THE SOCIETY

CHAPTER V JUDICIAL PROTECTION

CHAPTER VI LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY

CHAPTER VII SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution for the purpose of protecting the physical and mental health of
minors, safeguarding their lawful rights and interests, promoting their all- round development-morally, intellectually and
physically, and training them into successors to the socialist cause with lofty ideals, sound morality, better education
and a good sense of discipline.

Article 2 Minors as used in this Law refer to citizens under the age of eighteen.

Article 3 The State, society, schools and families shall educate minors in ideals, morality, culture, discipline and legal system as well
as in patriotism, collectivism, internationalism and communism, foster among them the social ethics of loving the motherland,
the people, labour, science and socialism, and fight against the corrosive influences of bourgeois, feudal and other decadent
ideologies.

Article 4 The protection of minors shall follow the following principles:

(1) Safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of minors;

(2) Respecting the personal dignity of minors;

(3) Fitting in with the characteristics of minors’ physical and mental development; and

(4) Combining education with protection.

Article 5 The State shall protect the rights of the person and property as well as other lawful rights and interests of minors from violation.

To protect minors is the common responsibility of State organs, armed forces, political parties, social organizations,
enterprises and institutions, self-governing organizations of mass character at grass- roots levels in urban and rural areas,
guardians of minors and other adult citizens.

Any organization or individual shall have the right to dissuade or stop any act encroaching upon the lawful rights and interests
of minors, or report to or complain before a department concerned thereagainst.

The State, society, schools and families shall educate and help minors to safeguard their lawful rights and interests by legal
means.

Article 6 State organs at the central and local levels shall, within the scope of their functions and responsibilities, ensure the protection
of minors.

The State Council and the people’s governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under
the Central Government shall adopt organizational measures according to needs to coordinate the departments concerned
in their efforts to ensure the protection of minors.

The Communist Youth League organs, women’s federations, trade unions, youth federations, students’ federations, young pioneers’
organizations and other social organizations shall assist the people’s governments at various levels in ensuring the protection
of minors and safeguarding their lawful rights and interests.

Article 7 The people’s governments at various levels and departments concerned shall give awards to organizations and individuals that
have made outstanding achievements in the protection of minors.

CHAPTER II PROTECTION BY THE FAMILY

Article 8 The parents or other guardians of minors shall fulfil their responsibility of guardianship and their obligations according to
law to bring up the minors. They shall not maltreat or forsake the minors, nor shall they discriminate against female
or handicapped minors. Infanticide and infant-abandoning shall be forbidden.

Article 9 The parents or other guardians of minors shall respect the minors’ right to receive education, must ensure to the minors of
school age the compulsory education as provided by relevant regulations, and shall not make minors receiving compulsory
education at school discontinue their schooling.

Article 10 The parents or other guardians of minors shall cultivate the minors in sound ideology and conduct by appropriate methods, guide
them to undertake activities that are conducive to their physical and mental development, prevent and stop them from smoking,
excessive drinking, leading a vagrant life, gambling, drug-taking or prostitution.

Article 11 The parents or other guardians of minors may not permit or force the minors to marry, nor may they undertake an engagement for
the minors.

Article 12 The parents or other guardians of minors who refuse to perform their duties as guardians or encroach upon the lawful rights
and interests of the minors under their guardianship shall bear the responsibility therefor according to law.

Where the parents or other guardians of minors commit any act specified in the preceding paragraph and refuse to mend their
ways after education, the people’s court may, upon application by the person(s) or unit(s) concerned, disqualify them as guardians
and designate guardians anew in accordance with the provisions in Article 16 of the General Principles of the Civil Law.

CHAPTER III PROTECTION BY THE SCHOOL

Article 13 Schools shall comprehensively implement the State policy for education and conduct moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic
and labour education among the minor students, and give them guidance in social life as well as education in puberty knowledge.

Schools shall show concern for and take good care of the minor students; with respect to those who have shortcomings in conduct
or difficulties in study, schools shall give patient education and help, and may not discriminate against them.

Article 14 Schools shall respect the minor students’ right to receive education and may not arbitrarily expel any minor students from schools.

Article 15 Teaching and administrative staff in schools and kindergartens shall respect the personal dignity of the minors, and
may not enforce corporal punishment or corporal punishment in disguised forms, or any other act that humiliates the personal
dignity of the minors.

Article 16 Schools may not let the minor students engage in any activity in school buildings or in any other educational and teaching facilities
that are dangerous to their personal safety and health.

No organization or individual may disrupt the order of teaching in schools, occupy or damage school ground, housing and installations.

Article 17 Collective activities organized by schools and kindergartens for minor students and children, such as taking part in rallies,
recreational activities and social practices, shall be conductive to the sound growth of minors; accidents endangering personal
safety shall be prevented.

Article 18 In respect of minors who are sent to work-and-study schools to receive compulsory education pursuant to relevant regulations of
the State, the work-and-study schools shall conduct among such minors ideological, cultural, labour skill and vocational
education.

Teaching and administrative staff in work-and-study schools shall show concern for, take good care of and respect the students
and may not discriminate against or detest such students.

Article 19 Kindergartens shall do a good job in nursing care and education so as to promote the harmonious development of the children
in physique, intellectual ability and moral values.

CHAPTER IV PROTECTION BY THE SOCIETY

Article 20 The State shall encourage social organizations, enterprises, institutions and other organizations and citizens to hold various
forms of social activities that are conducive to the sound growth of minors.

Article 21 People’s governments at various levels shall create conditions to establish and improve places and facilities suited to
the needs of minors for cultural life.

Article 22 Museums, memorial halls, scientific and technological centres, cultural centres, cinemas and theatres, stadiums
and gymnasiums, zoos, parks and other similar places shall be open to secondary school students and primary school
pupils on preferential basis.

Article 23 In respect of places, such as commercial dancing halls that are not appropriate for minors to take part in the activities therein,
the competent departments and business managers shall take measures to ensure that no admission shall be given to minors.

Article 24 The State shall encourage units of the press, publication, broadcasting, film and television, art and literature, as well
as writers, scientists, artists and other citizens to create or provide works beneficial to the sound growth of minors.
The State shall render support to the publication of books, newspapers, magazines and audio- visual products specially catering
to minors.

Article 25 It shall be strictly prohibited for any organization or individual to sell, rent, or disseminate by any other means to minors,
books, newspapers, magazines or audio-visual products of pornography, violence, wanton killing and terror that are pernicious
to minors.

Article 26 Food, toys, utensils and amusement facilities for children may not be harmful to children’s safety and health.

Article 27 No person may smoke in the classrooms, dormitories and recreational rooms of secondary and primary schools, kindergartens,
as well as any other indoor places where minors gather for activities.

Article 28 No organization or individual may hire any minor under the age of sixteen, except as otherwise provided by the State.

Any organization or individual that recruits according to relevant regulations of the State minors over the age of sixteen
but under eighteen shall, in respect of the types of jobs, duration of time and intensity of labour as well as protective
measures, follow the relevant regulations of the State and may not assign them to any overstrenuous, poisonous or harmful labour
or any dangerous operation.

Article 29 In respect of minors who wander about and go begging or those who flee from their homes, the civil affairs departments or
other departments concerned shall take the responsibility to send them back to their parents or other guardians; with regard
to those whose parents or guardians cannot be ascertained for the time being, the welfare organizations for children
established by the civil affairs departments shall accept and take care of them.

Article 30 No organization or individual may disclose the personal secrets of minors.

Article 31 No organization or individual may conceal, destroy or discard mail of any minor. Except when the inspection of mail in accordance
with legal procedures by the public security organs or the people’s procuratorates is necessary for the investigation
of a criminal offence, or when the opening of mail of a minor without capacity is done on his or her behalf by the parents
or other guardians, no organization or individual may open mail of any minor.

Article 32 Departments of public health and schools shall provide minors with necessary sanitary and health-care conditions and make efforts
to prevent diseases.

Article 33 Local people’s governments at various levels shall make efforts to develop child-care undertakings and strive to run nurseries
and kindergartens well, encourage and support State organs, social organizations, enterprises and institutions as well
as other sectors of society to establish nursing rooms, nurseries and kindergartens, advocate and support the establishment
of household nurseries.

Article 34 Departments of public health shall, in relation to children, establish a preventive inoculation certificate system, make efforts
to prevent common and frequently-occurring diseases among children, strengthen supervision and control over the prevention
and treatment of infectious diseases and give more effective professional guidance to sanitation and health-care work in nurseries
and kindergartens.

Article 35 People’s governments at various levels and departments concerned shall, through various forms, foster and train child-care
and teaching staff in nurseries and kindergartens, and strengthen political, ideological and professional education thereto.

Article 36 The State shall protect according to law the intellectual achievements and the right of honour of minors from encroachment.

For minors who have shown unusual talent or made outstanding achievements, the State, society, families and schools
shall create conditions favourable to their sound development.

Article 37 In respect of minors who have completed the prescribed length of schooling in terms of compulsory education and will not
receive education at a higher level, the relevant governmental departments, social organizations, enterprises and institutions
shall, in line with the actual conditions, train them in vocational skills and create conditions for their engagement
in labour or employment.

Article 38 In respect of delinquent minors, the policy of education, persuasion and redemption shall be implemented and the principle
of taking education as the main method and punishment as the subsidiary shall be upheld.

Article 39 In respect of minors reaching the age of fourteen who have committed crimes but are not subject to criminal punishment because
they have not yet reached the age of sixteen, their parents or other guardians shall be ordered to subject them
to discipline; when necessary, such minors may also be taken in for rehabilitation by the government.

Article 40 Public security organs, people’s procuratorates and people’s courts shall, in dealing with cases involving crimes committed
by minors, take their physical and mental characteristics into consideration, and may, in line with needs, set
up special organs or designate special persons to handle such cases.

Public security organs, people’s procuratorates, people’s courts and reformatories for juvenile delinquents shall respect
the personal dignity of the delinquent minors and safeguard their lawful rights and interests.

Article 41 Public security organs, people’s procuratorates and people’s courts shall guard minors under custody, pending trial, separately
from adults under custody.

Minors who are sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment by the people’s courts shall be housed and guarded separately from adults
serving their sentences.

Article 42 All cases involving crimes committed by minors over fourteen years old but under sixteen shall not be tried publicly. Cases involving
crimes committed by minors over sixteen years old but under eighteen shall, in general, not be tried publicly.

With regard to cases involving crimes committed by minors, the names, home addresses and photos of such minors as well as other
information which can be used to deduce who they are, may not be disclosed, before the judgment, in news reports, films,
TV programmes and in any other openly circulated publications.

Article 43 The families, schools and other units concerned shall coordinate, in educating and redeeming the delinquent minors, with
the reformatories for juvenile delinquents and other similar units where the delinquent minors are held.

Article 44 Minors who are exempt from prosecution by the people’s procuratorates, from criminal punishment by the people’s courts, or
the execution of whose sentence is announced suspended by the people’s court, and minors who have been released from
reformatory custody or have served their terms of imprisonment shall not be discriminated against in respect of resuming
schooling, entering a higher school or employment.

Article 45 The people’s courts shall, in handling cases concerning inheritance, protect the minors’ right of inheritance according to
law.

In handling cases of divorce, if disputes arise between the two parties concerned over the support of the minor child or
children and no agreement can be reached, the people’s courts shall make judgment in accordance with the principle of
safeguarding the rights and interests of the child or children and in light of the specific conditions of the two parties concerned.

Article 46 Where the lawful rights and interests of a minor is infringed, the infringed or his or her guardians shall have the right
to request the department concerned to deal with the matter or bring a suit in a people’s court according to law.

Article 47 Whoever has encroached upon the lawful rights and interests of a minor and caused him or her losses in property or other losses
or harms shall compensate for the losses or bear other civil liabilities according to law.

Article 48 Where teaching and administrative staff in schools, nurseries or kindergartens subject minor students or children to corporal
punishment or corporal punishment in disguised forms, and if the circumstances are serious, disciplinary sanctions
shall be given by their units or the authorities at higher levels.

Article 49 Where enterprises, institutions or individual industrialists and businessmen illegally hire minors who have not reached the
age of sixteen, the relevant labour departments shall order such units or individuals to make corrections and shall impose
fines on them; if the circumstances are serious, the relevant administrative departments for industry and commerce shall revoke
their business licenses.

Article 50 Where commercial dancing halls or other similar places not appropriate for minors to participate in the activities therein
give admission to minors, the competent departments shall order such units to make corrections, and may impose fines on them.

Article 51 Whoever sells, rents or disseminates by any other means to minors pornographic books, newspapers, magazines or audio-visual
products shall be given heavier punishment according to law.

Article 52 Where an encroachment upon the right of the person or other lawful rights of a minor constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility
shall be investigated according to law.

Whoever maltreats a minor family member in a vicious manner shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance
with the provisions in Article 182 of the Criminal Law.

Judicial personnel who, in violation of the rules or regulations on prison management, subject imprisoned minors to corporal
punishment or maltreatment, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions in Article
189 of the Criminal Law.

Where a person has the obligation to support a minor but refuses to do so, and if the circumstances are flagrant, criminal responsibility
shall be investigated in accordance with the provisions in Article 183 of the Criminal Law.

Whoever commits infanticide shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions in Article
132 of the Criminal Law.

Whoever, while fully aware of the school buildings being in danger of collapse, does not take any measures, thus resulting in
the collapse of the said buildings and causing injuries or death, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance
with the provisions in Article 187 of the Criminal Law.

Article 53 Whoever instigates a minor to break law or commit criminal offences shall be given heavier punishment according to law.

Whoever lures, instigates or forces a minor to take or inject drugs or engage in prostitution shall be given heavier punishment
according to law.

Article 54 A party concerned, if not satisfied with the decision on administrative sanctions made according to this Law, may first apply
for reconsideration to an administrative organ at a higher level or to an administrative organ prescribed by relevant laws
or regulations. If still not satisfied with the reconsideration decision, the party may bring a suit in a people’s court.
The party may also directly bring a suit in a people’s court. Where the relevant laws or regulations prescribe that
the party concerned shall first apply to the administrative organ for reconsideration, and, if not satisfied with the
reconsideration decision, then bring a suit in a people’s court, such laws or regulations shall be complied with.

If a party, within the prescribed period, neither applies for reconsideration of the decision on administrative sanctions,
nor brings a suit in a people’s court, nor complies with the decision, the organ which has made the punitive decision may
either apply to a people’s court for compulsory execution, or enforce the decision according to law.

CHAPTER VII SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

Article 55 Departments concerned under the State Council may formulate on the basis of this Law relevant regulations, which shall be submitted
to the State Council for approval before implementation.

The standing committees of the people’s congresses of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under
the Central Government may, on the basis of this Law, formulate measures for implementation.

Article 56 this law shall enter into force as of January ,1, 1992.

DECISION OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESS ON AUTHORIZING THE PEOPLE’S CONGRESS OF SHENZHEN CITY AND ITS STANDING COMMITTEE AND THE PEOPLE’S GOVERNMENT OF SHENZHEN CITY TO FORMULATE REGULATIONS AND RULES RESPECTIVELY FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN THE SHENZHEN SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE

Category	SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES AND COASTAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ZONES	Organ of Promulgation	The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress	Status of Effect	In Force
Date of Promulgation	1992-07-01	Effective Date	1992-07-01

Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on Authorizing the People’s Congress of Shenzhen City and Its Standing Committee and the People’s Government of Shenzhen City to Formulate Regulations and Rules Respectively for Implementation in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone

(Adopted on July 1, 1992)

In accordance with the Decision of the Second Session of the Seventh
National People’s Congress Regarding the Proposal Submitted for Deliberation
by the State Council on Authorizing Shenzhen City to Formulate Regulations
and Rules for the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, the 26th Meeting of the
Standing Committee of the Seventh National People’s Congress, having
considered the proposal submitted by the State Council for authorizing the
People’s Congress of Shenzhen City and its Standing Committee and the People’s
Government of Shenzhen City to formulate respectively regulations and rules
for the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, decides that the People’s Congress of
Shenzhen City and its Standing Committee are authorized to formulate, in light
of the specific conditions and actual needs and pursuant to the provisions of
the Constitution and the basic principles laid down in laws and administrative
regulations and rules, regulations to be implemented in the Shenzhen Special
Economic Zone which shall be submitted to the Standing Committee of the
National People’s Congress, the State Council and the Standing Committee of
the People’s Congress of Guangdong Province for the record, and that the
People’s Government of Shenzhen City is authorized to formulate rules and is
responsible for their implementation in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone.

REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE POLICE RANKS OF THE PEOPLE’S POLICE

Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on the Police Ranks of the People’s Police



	(Adopted at the 26th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People’s Congress on July 1, 1992 and promulgated by Order No.59 of the President of the People’s Republic of China on July 1, 1992) Contents Chapter I General Provisions Chapter II Classification of the Police Ranks Chapter III Initial Conferment of the Police Ranks Chapter IV Promotion of the Police Ranks Chapter V Retention, Demotion and Deprivation of the Police Ranks Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions Chapter I General Provisions Article 1 These Regulations are formulated in accordance with the Constitution, with a view to strengthening the revolutionization, modernization and standardization of the contingent of the people’s police, enhancing their sense of responsibility, sense of honour and sense of discipline and facilitating their command and management as well as the performance of their duty. Article 2 A system of police ranks shall be practised for the people’s police. The police ranks of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force shall be governed by the provisions of Article 32 of the Regulations on the Military Ranks of Officers of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army. Article 3 The police ranks are post_titles and insignias that mark off the different ranks and status of the people’s police and represent the honour the State bestows on them. Article 4 The police ranks of the people’s police shall follow a scheme of police ranks graded in correspondence with post levels. Article 5 The people’s police with higher police ranks shall be the superiors of those with lower ranks. Where a policeman(woman) with a higher rank is subordinate, in respect of post, to a policeman(woman) with a lower rank, the latter shall be the superior. Article 6 The Ministry of Public Security shall be in charge of the work concerning the police ranks. Chapter II Classification of the Police Ranks Article 7 The police ranks of the people’s police are classified into the following five ranks with thirteen classes: (1) Commissioner-General, Deputy Commissioner-General; (2) Commissioner: First Class, Second Class, Third Class; (3) Supervisor: First Class, Second Class, Third Class; (4) Superintendent: First Class, Second Class, Third Class; (5) Constable: First Class, Second Class. The police ranks of the people’s police holding specialized and technical posts shall be preceded by “specialized and technical.” Article 8 The police ranks corresponding to the different levels of administrative posts held by the people’s police shall follow the below scheme: (1) Post at the level of minister: Commissioner-General; (2) Post at the level of vice-minister: Deputy Commissioner-General; (3) Post at the level of director of department: Commissioner First Class or Commissioner Second Class; (4) Post at the level of deputy director of department: Commissioner Second Class or Commissioner Third Class; (5) Post at the level of director of division: from Commissioner Third Class down to Supervisor Second Class; (6) Post at the level of deputy director of division: from Supervisor First Class down to Supervisor Third Class; (7) Post at the level of chief of section: from Supervisor First Class down to Superintendent First Class; (8) Post at the level of deputy chief of section: from Supervisor Second Class down to Superintendent Second Class; (9) Post at the level of section staff (Sergeant): from Supervisor Third Class down to Superintendent Third Class; (10) Post at the level of office clerk (Constable): from Superintendent First Class down to Constable Second Class. Article 9 The police ranks corresponding to the different levels of specialized and technical posts held by the people’s police shall follow the below scheme: (1) Senior specialized and technical posts: from Commissioner First Class down to Supervisor Second Class; (2) Intermediate specialized and technical posts: from Supervisor First Class down to Superintendent Second Class; (3) Junior specialized and technical posts: from Supervisor Third Class down to Constable First Class. Chapter III Initial Conferment of the Police Ranks Article 10 The police ranks shall be conferred on the people’s police according to the scheme of ranks graded in correspondence with post levels. Article 11 The conferment of a police rank shall go by the conferee’s present post, political integrity, ability, period of holding the present post as well as seniority. Article 12 The people’s police recruited from school graduates, or from the society through examinations, or transferred from other departments shall be conferred on the police ranks that correspond to their respective posts assigned to. Article 13 The initial conferment of the police ranks on the people’s police shall be approved according to the limits of authority prescribed as follows: (1) Ranks of Commissioner-General, Deputy Commissioner-General, Commissioner First Class and Commissioner Second Class shall be subject to the approval of and be conferred by the Premier of the State Council; (2) Ranks of Commissioner Third Class and Supervisors shall be subject to the approval of and be conferred by the Minister of Public Security; (3) Ranks of Superintendents shall be subject to the approval of and be conferred by the directors of the public security departments (bureaus) of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. (4) Ranks of Constables shall be subject to the approval of and be conferred by the directors of the political departments of the public security departments (bureaus) of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The ranks of Superintendents and Constables in the offices of the Public Security Ministry as well as organs under its direct jurisdiction shall be subject to the approval of and be conferred by the Director of the Political Department of the Public Security Ministry. Chapter IV Promotion of the Police Ranks Article 14 The people’s police with ranks of no higher than Supervisor Second Class shall be promoted within the range of the police ranks corresponding to their post levels and according to the intervals and qualifications prescribed in this Article. Intervals for promotion in ranks : each promotion to the next higher class requires an interval of three years for those holding ranks from Constable Second Class to Superintendent First Class; each promotion to the next higher class requires an interval of four years for those holding ranks from Superintendent First Class to Supervisor First Class. The periods during which the people’s police receive in-service training in schools or academies shall be included in the intervals for the promotion in their ranks. Qualifications for promotion in ranks: (1) implementation of laws, regulations and policies of the State, and observance of laws and discipline; (2) competence for the post; (3) maintenance of close ties with the masses, honesty in performing official duties, and decency and uprightness. At the end of an interval for promotion, those who are qualified for promotion after appraisal shall be promoted to the next higher class; those who are not qualified for promotion shall receive a deferred promotion. Those who have rendered outstanding services may be promoted ahead of time. Article 15 Selective promotion in the police ranks for the people’s police with ranks of Supervisor First Class or above shall be conducted within the range of the police ranks corresponding to their post levels and in the light of their political integrity and ability, as well as their actual performance. Article 16 Where, because of promotion in post, the police rank of a people’s policeman(woman) is lower than the minimum rank prescribed in the scheme for his or her new post, he or she shall be promoted to that minimum rank correspondingly. Article 17 Superintendents may be promoted to Supervisors, and Supervisors to Commissioners only when they have received appropriate training in relevant people’s police schools or academies and proved qualified thereafter. Article 18 The limits of authority for approving promotions in the police ranks of the people’s police shall be governed by the provisions regarding the limits of authority for approving conferment prescribed in Article 13 herein. Where Superintendents and Constables are promoted ahead of time, the promotion shall be subject to the approval of the Director of the Political Department of the Public Security Ministry. Chapter V Retention, Demotion and Deprivation of the Police Ranks Article 19 The people’s police who have retired, as or not as veteran cadres, may retain their police ranks, but shall not wear the insignias thereof. The people’s police who are transferred out of their post as police, or resign from or quit their office shall not retain their police ranks. Article 20 When a people’s policeman(woman) is demoted to a lower post for his or her incompetence at the current post, and, if his or her police rank is higher than the maximum rank as prescribed in the scheme for his or her new post, his or her rank shall be adjusted to that maximum rank correspondingly. The limits of authority for approving such rank adjustment shall be the same as those for approving the original rank. Article 21 The people’s police who violate the police discipline may be punished with a demotion in the police ranks. The limits of authority for approving such demotion in ranks shall be the same as those for approving the original rank. Once a people’s policeman(woman) is punished with a demotion in rank, the interval for his or her promotion in the police ranks shall be computed anew on the basis of the police rank he or she holds after demotion. Demotion in the police ranks of the people’s police shall not be applied to Constables Second Class. Article 22 The people’s police who are expelled from public service shall be deprived of their police ranks accordingly. The people’s police who commit crimes and are sentenced to deprivation of political rights or to fixed-term imprisonment or more serious criminal punishments shall be deprived of their police ranks accordingly. The provisions in the preceding paragraph shall apply to the retired people’s police who commit crimes. Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions Article 23 These Regulations shall apply to the police ranks of the people’s police who work in the State security departments and the reform-through-labour and rehabilitation-through-labour institutions, as well as to the judicial police in the people’s courts and the people’s procuratorates. The limits of authority for approving conferment of and promotion in the police ranks of the people’s police in the State security departments and the reform-through-labour and rehabilitation-through-labour institutions shall be prescribed by the State Council. The limits of authority for approving the conferment of and promotion in the police ranks of the judicial police shall be prescribed by the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate with reference to these Regulations. The police rank system shall not be practised for the personnel who do not hold police posts in the public security departments, the State security departments, and the reform-through-labour and rehabilitation-through-labour institutions. Article 24 The patterns of the insignias for the police ranks and the way of wearing them shall be drawn up by the State Council. Article 25 The measures for the implementation of these Regulations shall be formulated by the State Council. Article 26 These Regulations shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.

CIRCULAR OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLAN FOR A NEW NATIONAL ECONOMIC ACCOUNTING SYSTEM

Category	STATISTICS	Organ of Promulgation	The State Council	Status of Effect	In Force
Date of Promulgation	1992-08-30	Effective Date	1992-08-30

Circular of the State Council Concerning the Implementation of the Plan for a New National Economic Accounting System

(August 30, 1992)

Since our country’s reform and opening up, the national economy has
developed with great strides. The economic structures have been adjusted
greatly. A deepgoing change has taken place in the economic system and
economic mechanism. Economic relations and technological exchange with foreign
countries are expanding day by day. The original national economic accounting
system based on the economy of products is becoming more and more incompatible
with the requirements for the development of a socialist commodity economy.
The urgent need to establish a complete set of new national economic
accounting rules which are suitable to China’s conditions must be met, in
order to grasp the national economic operations as a whole, strengthen the
macroeconomic regulation, lead the economic work firmly onto a track of
adjusting economic structures and improving efficiency, use scientific methods
for policy-making, and promote the development of the national economy in a
sustained, stable and coordinated way.

The Decision of the State Council on Strengthening the Statistical Work in
January of 1984 provided that a unified and scientific national economic
accounting system should be established. Since then, we have made a prolonged
effort and now are almost ready to launch a new national economic accounting
system. For several years, the State Statistical Bureau has cooperated with
departments concerned, higher learning bodies and scientific research
institutions in researching into theories, designing methods, conducting
experiments, making trial calculations and doing other relevant work so that
the Plan for the National Economic Accounting System of China (For Trial
Implementation) has been drawn up and approved upon the justification of
departments concerned and experts in different fields. This plan for a new
accounting system is based on the reproduction theory of Marxism, suited to
our country’s actual conditions and combined with scientific accounting
methods and helpful experiences throughout the world. With better usefulness
and having proved to be practical through experiments and trial calculations
in some places, this plan can be put into operation.

Accordingly, the State Council has decided to implement the plan for a new
national economic accounting system by two stages beginning this year. In the
first stage, the framework of the new accounting system shall be formed
respectively at the national and provincial levels within this year and the
next, in order to realize a preliminary transition. In the second stage, a
total transition to the new national economic accounting system shall have
been basically finished by the beginning of the year 1995. The first stage is
of crucial importance. The main target of the first stage is to establish
basic accounting statements for the new accounting system. That is, data for
the year 1992 shall be used to work out the statement for domestic output
value and its usage, statement for input and output, statement for flow of
capital and statement for balance of payments, with a view of reflecting the
national economic operations in a comprehensive and systematic way. To reach
the target during the second stage is to work out all statements and accounts
for the new accounting system more accurately and more completely, and to
establish corresponding statistical indexes, statistical classifications and
database systems.

The implementation of the plan for a new national economic accounting
system should be considered as a major reform of the old accounting system and
an important measure to improve the macro-decision and macro-control process,
and to promote the deepening of reforms and expansions. This task involves a
wide range of subjects, demands high-level technology and is more difficult to
accomplish. Localities and departments shall treat the task as their common
duty and shall join to accomplish it. Different departments shall closely
cooperate with each other to provide prompt data needed by the new national
economic accounting system in such fields as finance, statistics and industry,
and share information among them, while they shall reform their own accounting
systems as required by the new national economic accounting system. Localities
and departments shall make efforts to publicize the new national economic
accounting system and give professional training, do a good job to create the
fundamental conditions for statistical and accounting work, in order to lay a
firm foundation and create a proper environment for introducing the new
national economic accounting system. People’s governments at all levels shall
strengthen in real earnest their leadership over the task and lend necessary
support thereto by providing personnel and allocating funds.

Measures for the implementation of the plan for the new national economic
accounting system shall be separately formulated and published by the State
Statistical Bureau in consultation with other relevant departments.

RULES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PATENT LAW

Rules for the Implementation of the Patent Law of the PRC

(Effective Date:1992.12.21–Ineffective Date:)

CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS CHAPTER II APPLICATION FOR PATENT CHAPTER III EXAMINATION AND APPROVAL OF APPLICATION FOR PATENT CHAPTER
IV INVALIDATION OF PATENT RIGHT CHAPTER V COMPULSORY LICENSE FOR EXPLOITATION OF PATENT CHAPTER VI REWARDS TO INVENTOR OR CREATOR
OF SERVICE INVENTION-CREATION CHAPTER VII ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES FOR PATENT AFFAIRS CHAPTER VIII PATENT REGISTER AND PATENT GAZETTE
CHAPTER IX FEES CHAPTER X SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

Article 1 These Rules are formulated in accordance with the Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the “Patent
Law”).

Article 2 “Invention” in the Patent Law means any new technical solution relating to a product, a process or an improvement thereof.

“Utility model” in the Patent Law means any new technical solution relating to the shape, the structure, or their combination, of
a product, which is fit for practical use.

“Design” in the Patent Law means any new design of the shape, pattern, colour, or their combination, of a product, which creates an
aesthetic feeling and is fit for industrial application.

Article 3 Any proceeding provided for by the Patent Law and these Rules shall be conducted in a written form.

Article 4 Any document submitted under the Patent Law and these Rules shall be in Chinese. The standard scientific and technical terms shall
be used if there is a prescribed one set forth by the State. Where no generally accepted translation in Chinese can be found for
a foreign name or locality or scientific or technical term, the one in the original language shall be also indicated.

Where any certificate or certified document submitted in accordance with the Patent Law and these Rules is in foreign language, and
where the Patent Office deems it necessary, it may request a Chinese translation of the certificate or the certifying document to
be submitted within a specified time limit; where the translation is not submitted within the specified time limit, the certificate
or certifying document shall be deemed not to have been submitted.

Article 5 For any document sent by mail to the Patent Office, the date of mailing indicated by the postmark on the envelope shall be presumed
to be the date of filing. If the date of mailing indicated by the postmark on the envelope is illegible, the date on which the Patent
Office receives the document shall be the date of filing, except where the date of mailing is proved by the addresser.

Any document of the Patent Office may be served by mail, by personal delivery or by public announcement. Where any party concerned
appoints a patent agency, the document shall be sent to the patent agency; where no patent agency is appointed, the document shall
be sent to the person first named in the request or to the representative. If such person refuses to accept document, it shall be
presumed to have been served.

For any document sent by mail by the Patent Office, the 16th day from the date of mailing shall be presumed to be the date on which
the addressee receives the document.

For any document which shall be delivered personally in accordance with the prescription of the Patent Office, the date of delivery
is the date on which the addressee receives the document.

Where the address of a document is not clear and it cannot be sent by mail, the document may be served by making an announcement in
the Patent Gazette.

At the expiration of one month from the date of the announcement, the document shall be presumed to have been served.

Article 6 The first day of any time limit prescribed in the Patent Law and these Rules shall not be counted. Where a time limit is counted
by year or by month, it shall expire on the corresponding day of the last month, if there is no corresponding day in that month,
the time limit shall expire on the last day of that month.

If a time limit expires on an official holiday, the time limit shall expire on the first working day after that official holiday.

Article 7 Where a time limit prescribed in the Patent Law or these Rules or specified by the Patent Office is not observed because of force
majeure, resulting the loss of rights on the part of a party concerned, he or it shall, within two months from the date on which
the impediment is removed, at the latest within two years immediately following the expiration of that time limit, state the reasons,
together with relevant supporting documents and request the Patent Office to restore his or its rights.

Where a time limit prescribed in the Patent Law or these Rules or specified by the Patent Office is not observed because of any justified
reason, resulting the loss of rights on the part of a party concerned, he or it shall, within two months from the date of receipt
of a notification from the Patent Office, state the reasons and request the Patent Office to restore his or its rights.

Where the party concerned makes a request for an extension of a time limit specified by the Patent Office, he or it shall, before
the time limit expires, state the reasons to the Patent Office and complete the relevant procedures.

The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall not be applicable to the time limit referred to in Articles 24, 29, 41,
45 and 61 of the Patent Law.

The provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article shall not be applicable to the time limit referred to in Article 88 of these Rules.

Article 8 Where the invention for which a patent is applied for by a unit of the national defence system relates to the secrets of the State
concerning national defence and is required to be kept secret, the application for patent shall be filed with the patent organization
set up by the competent department of science and technology of national defence under the State Council. Where any application for
patent for invention relating to the secrets of the State concerning national defence and requiring to be kept secret is received
by the Patent Office, the Patent Office shall transfer the application to the afore- mentioned patent organization for examination.
The Patent Office shall make a decision on the basis of the opinions of the said patent organization after examination. In addition
to the preceding paragraph, the Patent Office, after receiving a patent application for an invention which is required to be examined
for its confidential nature shall send it to the department concerned of the State Council for examination.

The said department shall, within four months from receipt of the application, send a report on the results of the examination to
the Patent Office. Where the invention is required to be kept secret, the Patent Office shall handle the application as one for secret
patent and notify the applicant accordingly.

Article 9 The date of filing referred to in the Patent Law, except that mentioned in Articles 28 and 45, means the priority date where a right
of priority is claimed.

The date of filing referred to in these Rules means the date on which the application for patent is filed with the Patent Office.

Article 10 “Service invention-creation made by a person in execution of the tasks of the unit to which he belongs” mentioned in Article 6 of
the Patent Law refers to any invention-creation made:

(1) in the course of performing his own duty;

(2) in execution of any task, other than his own duty, which was entrusted to him by the unit to which he belongs;

(3) within one year from his resignation, retirement or change of work, where the invention-creation relates to his own duty or the
other task entrusted to him by the unit to which he previously belonged.

“Material means of the unit” mentioned in Article 6 of the Patent Law refers to unit’s money, equipment, spare parts, raw materials,
or technical data which are not to be disclosed to the public.

Article 11 “Inventor” or “creator” mentioned in the Patent Law refers to any person who has made creative contributions to the substantive features
of the invention-creation. Any person who, during the course of accomplishing the invention-creation, is responsible only for organization
work, or who offers facilities for making use of materials means, or who takes part in other auxiliary functions, shall not be considered
as inventor or creator.

Article 12 For any identical invention-creation, only one patent right shall be granted.

Two or more applicants who file, on the same day, applications for patent for the identical invention-creation, as provided for in
Article 9 of the Patent Law, shall, after receipt of a notification from the Patent Office, hold consultation among themselves to
decide the person or persons who shall be enpost_titled to file the application.

Article 13 Any license contract for exploitation of the patent which has been concluded by the patentee with a unit or individual shall, within
three months from the date of entry into force of the contract, be submitted to the Patent Office for record.

Article 14 “The patent agency” as stipulated in Article 19 paragraph 1 and Article 20 of the Patent Law shall, on the authorization of the State
Council, be designated by the Patent Office.

Article 15 Where any dispute arises concerning the right to apply for a patent for an invention-creation or the right to own a patent right
which has been granted, any of the parties concerned may request an administrative authority for patent affairs to handle the matter
or may institute legal proceedings in a people’s court.

Any party to a dispute concerning the right to apply for a patent or the right to own a patent right which has been brought to an
administrative authority for patent affairs or to a people’s court for a settlement, may request the Patent Office to suspend the
relevant procedures.

Any party requesting the suspension of the relevant procedures by the Patent Office in accordance with the preceding paragraph, shall
submit a written request to the Patent Office, together with the relevant document certifying the acceptance of the case by an administrative
authority for patent affairs or by a people’s court.

CHAPTER II APPLICATION FOR PATENT

Article 16 Anyone who applies for a patent shall submit application documents in duplicate.

Any applicant who appoints a patent agency for filing an application for a patent with, or for dealing with other patent matters before,
the Patent Office, shall submit a power of attorney indicating the scope of the power entrusted.

Article 17 Other related matters mentioned in Article 26, paragraph 2 of the Patent Law refer to:

(1) the nationality of the applicant;

(2) where the applicant is an enterprise or other organization, the name of the country in which the applicant has the principal business
office;

(3) where the applicant has appointed a patent agency, the relevant matters to be indicated;

(4) where the priority of an earlier application is claimed, the relevant matters to be indicated;

(5) the signature or seal of the applicant or the patent agency;

(6) a list of the documents constituting the application;

(7) a list of the documents appending the application;

(8) any other related matter which needs to be indicated.

Where there are two or more applicants and where they have not appointed a patent agency, they shall designate a representative.

Article 18 The description of an application for a patent for invention or utility model shall be presented in the following manner and order:

(1) state the post_title of the invention or utility model as appearing in the request;

(2) specify the technical field to which the invention or utility model relates;

(3) indicate the background art which, as far as known to the applicant, can be regarded as useful for the understanding, searching
and examination of the invention or utility model, and cite the documents reflecting such art;

(4) specify the purpose which the invention or utility model is designed to fulfil;

(5) disclose the technical solution of the invention or utility model, as claimed, in such a manner that a person having ordinary
skill in the field can understand it and fulfil the purpose of the invention or utility model;

(6) state the advantageous effects of the invention or utility model, with reference to the background art;

(7) briefly describe the figures in the drawings, if any;

(8) describe in detail the best mode contemplated by the applicant for carrying out the invention or utility model; this shall be
done in terms of examples, where appropriate, and with reference to the drawings, if any.

The manner and order mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be observed by the applicant of a patent for invention of a patent
for utility model, unless, because of the nature of the invention or utility model, a different manner or order would afford a better
understanding and a more economical presentation.

The description of the invention or utility model shall not contain such references to the claims as: “as described in part … of
the claim,” nor shall it contain commercial advertising.

Article 19 The same sheet of drawings may contain several figures of the invention or utility model, and the drawings shall be numbered and
arranged in numerical order consecutively as “Figure 1, Figure 2…”

The scale and the distinctness of the drawings shall be such that a reproduction with a linear reduction in size to two-thirds would
still enable all details to be clearly distinguished.

Drawing reference signs not appearing in the text of the description of the invention or utility model shall not appear in the drawings.
Drawing reference signs not appearing in the drawings shall not appear in the text of the description. Drawing reference signs for
the same composite part used in an application document shall be consistent throughout. The drawings shall not contain any other
explanatory notes, except words which are indispensable.

Article 20 The claims shall define clearly and concisely the matter for which protection is sought in terms of the technical features of the
invention or utility model.

If there are several claims, they shall be numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals.

The technical terminology used in the claims shall be consistent with that used in the description.

The claims may contain chemical or mathematical formulae but no drawings.

They shall not, except where absolutely necessary, contain such references to the description or drawings as: “as described in part
… of the description”, or “as illustrated in figure … of the drawings.”

The technical features mentioned in the claims may, in order to facilitate quicker understanding of the claim, make reference to the
corresponding reference signs in the drawings of the description. Such reference signs shall follow the corresponding technical features
and be placed between parentheses, and they shall not be construed as limiting the claims.

Article 21 The claims shall have an independent claim, and may also contain dependent claims.

An independent claim shall outline the technical solution of an invention or utility model and describe the indispensable technical
features necessary for fulfilling the purpose of the invention or utility model.

A dependent claim shall further define the claim which it refers to by additional features that are claimed for protection.

Article 22 An independent claim of an invention or utility model shall contain a preamble portion and a characterizing portion, and be presented
in the following forms:

(1) a preamble portion, indicating the post_title of the claimed subject matter of the invention or utility model, and those essential
technical features that are common to the invention or utility model and the prior art;

(2) a characterizing portion, stating, in such wording as “characterized in that …” or in similar expressions, the technical features
of the invention or utility model, which distinguish it from the prior art. These features, in combination with the features stated
in the preamble portion, serve to define the scope of protection of the invention or utility model.

Independent claims may be presented in any other form, where it is not appropriate, according to the nature of the invention or utility
model, to present them in the form prescribed in the preceding paragraph.

Each invention or utility model shall have only one independent claim, which shall precede all the dependent claims relating to the
same invention or utility model.

Article 23 A dependent claim of an invention or utility model shall contain a reference portion and a characterizing portion, and be presented
in the following form:

(1) a reference portion, indicating the serial number(s) of the claim(s) referred to, and the post_title of the subject matter;

(2) a characterizing portion, stating the additional technical features of the invention or utility model. A dependent claim referring
to one or more other claims shall refer only to the preceding claim or claims. A multiple dependent claim which refers to more than
one other claim shall not serve as a basis for any other multiple dependent claim.

Article 24 The abstract shall indicate the technical field to which the invention or utility model pertains, the technical problems to be solved,
the essential technical features and the use(s) of the invention or utility model. The abstract may contain the chemical formula
which best characterizes the invention. In an application for a patent which contains drawings, the applicant shall indicate and
provide a drawing which best characterizes the invention or utility model. The scale and the distinctness of the drawing shall be
such that a reproduction with a linear reduction in size to 4 cm * 6 cm would still enable all details to be clearly distinguished.
The whole text of the abstract shall contain not more than 200 Chinese characters. There shall be no commercial advertising in the
abstract.

Article 25 Where an application for a patent for invention concerns a new micro-organism, a micro-biological process or a product thereof and
involves the use of a micro-organism which is not available to the public, the applicant shall, in addition to the other requirements
provided for in the Patent Law and these Rules, complete the following procedures:

(1) deposit a sample of the micro-organism with a depository institution designated by the Patent Office before the date of filing,
or, at the latest, on the date of filing, and submit, at the time of filing, or, at the latest, within three months from the filing
date, a receipt of deposit and the viability proof from the depository institution; where they are not submitted within the specified
time limit, the sample of the micro-organism shall be deemed not to have been deposited;

(2) give in the application document relevant information of the characteristics of the micro-organism;

(3) indicate, where the application relates to the deposit of the micro- organism, in the request and the description the scientific
name (with its Latin name), the name and address of the depository institution, the date on which the sample of the micro-organism
was deposited and the accession number of the deposit; where, at the time of filing, they are not indicated, they shall be supplied
within three months from the date of filing; where after the expiration of the time limit they are not supplied, the sample of the
micro-organism shall be deemed not to have been deposited.

Article 26 After the publication of an application for a patent for invention relating to a micro-organism, any unit or individual that intends
to make use of the micro-organism mentioned in the application for the purpose of experiment shall make a request to the Patent Office
containing the following:

(1) the name and address of the unit or individual making the request;

(2) an undertaking not to make the micro-organism available to any other person;

(3) an undertaking to use the micro-organism for experimental purpose only before the grant of the patent right.

Article 27 The size of drawings or photographs of a design submitted in accordance with the provisions of Article 27 of the Patent Law shall
not be smaller than 3 cm * 8 cm, nor larger than 15cm * 22 cm.

Where an application for a patent for design seeking concurrent protection of colours is filed, a drawing or photograph in colour,
and a drawing or photograph in white and black, shall be submitted.

The applicant shall submit, in respect of the subject matter of the product incorporating the design which is in need of protection,
the relevant views and stereoscopic drawings or photographs, so as to clearly show the subject matter for which protection is sought.

Article 28 Where an application for a patent for design is filed, a brief explanation of the design shall, when necessary, be indicated.

The brief explanation of the design shall include the main creative portion of the design, the colours for which protection is sought
and the omission of the view of the product incorporating the design. The brief explanation shall not contain any commercial advertising
and shall not be used to indicate the function and the uses of the product.

Article 29 Where the Patent Office finds it necessary, it may require the applicant for a patent for design to submit a sample or model of the
product incorporating the design. The volume of the sample or model submitted shall not exceed 30 cm * 30 cm * 30 cm, and its weight
shall not surpass 15 kilos. Articles easy to get rotten or broken, or articles that are dangerous, may not be submitted as sample
or model.

Article 30 The existing technology mentioned in Article 22, paragraph 3 of the Patent Law means any technology which has been publicly disclosed
in publications in the country or abroad, or has been publicly used or made known to the public by any other means in the country,
before the date of filing, that is prior art.

Article 31 The academic or technological meeting mentioned in Item 2 of Article 24 of the Patent Law means any academic or technological meeting
organized by a department concerned of the State Council or by a national academic association.

Where any application for a patent falls under the provisions of Item 1 or Item 2 of Article 24 of the Patent Law, the applicant shall,
when filing the application, make a declaration and, within a time limit of two months from the date of filing, submit a certificate
issued by the unit which organized the international exhibition or academic or technological meeting, stating that the invention-creation
was in fact exhibited or published and also the date of its exhibited or publication. Where any application for a patent falls under
the provisions of Item 3 of Article 24 of the Patent Law, the Patent Office may, when necessary, require the applicant to submit
a certifying document.

Article 32 Where an applicant is to comply with the requirements for claiming the right of priority in accordance with Article 30 of the Patent
Law, he or it shall, in his or its written declaration, indicate the date of filing and the filing number of the application which
was first filed (hereinafter referred to as the earlier application) and the country in which that application was filed. If the
written declaration does not contain the date of filing of the earlier application and the name of that country, the declaration
shall be deemed not to have been made. Where the foreign priority is claimed, the copy of the earlier application document submitted
by the applicant shall be certified by the competent authority of the foreign country concerned; where the domestic priority is claimed,
the copy of the earlier application document shall be prepared by the Patent Office.

Article 33 Any applicant may claim one or more priorities for an application for a patent; where the priorities of several earlier applications
are claimed, the priority period for the application shall be calculated from the earliest priority date.

Where any applicant claims the right of domestic priority, if the earlier application is one for a patent for invention, he or it
may file an application for a patent for invention or utility model for the same subject matter; if the earlier application is one
for a patent for utility model, he or it may file an application for a patent for utility model or invention for the same subject
matter. But when the later application is filed, if the earlier application is one for a patent for utility model, it may not be
the basis of domestic priority:

(1) where foreign or domestic priority has already been claimed;

(2) where a patent right has been granted;

(3) where it belongs to divisional application filed as prescribed.

Where the domestic priority is claimed, the earlier application shall be deemed to be withdrawn from the date on which the later application
is filed.

Article 34 Where an application for a patent is filed or the right of foreign priority is claimed by any applicant having no habitual residence
or business office in China, the Patent Office may, when necessary, require the applicant to submit the following documents:

(1) a certificate concerning the nationality of the applicant;

(2) a certificate concerning the seat of the business office or the headquarters, if the applicant is an enterprise or other organization;

(3) a testimonial showing that the country, to which the foreigner, foreign enterprise or other foreign organization belongs, recognizes
that Chinese citizens and entities are, under the same conditions applied to its nationals, enpost_titled to patent right, right of priority
and other related rights in that country.

Article 35 Two or more inventions or utility models belonging to a single general inventive concept which may be filed as one application in
accordance with the provisions of Article 31, paragraph 1 of the Patent Law shall be technically interrelated and contain one or
more same or corresponding special technical features.

The expression “special technical features” shall mean those technical features that define a contribution which each of those inventions,
considered as a whole, makes over the prior art.

The claims in one application for a patent for two or more inventions which are in conformity with the provisions of the preceding
paragraph may be any of the following:

(1) independent claims of the same category for two or more products or processes which cannot be included in one claim;

(2) an independent claim for a product and an independent claim for a process specially adapted for the manufacture of the product;

(3) an independent claim for a product and an independent claim for a use of the product;

(4) an independent claim for a product, an independent claim for a process specially adapted for the manufacture of the product, and
an independent claim for a use of the product;

(5) an independent claim for a product, an independent claim for a process specially adapted for the manufacture of the product, an
independent claim for an apparatus specially designed for carrying out the process;

(6) an independent claim for a process and an independent claim for an apparatus specially designed for carrying out the process.

The claim in one application for a patent for two or more utility models which are in conformity with the provisions of the first
paragraph of this Article may be independent claims for two or more products which cannot be included in one claim.

Article 36 The expression “the same class” mentioned in Article 31, paragraph 2 of the Patent Law means that the products incorporating the
designs belong to the same subclass in the classification of products for designs, The expression “be sold or used in sets” means
that the products incorporating the designs have the same designing concept and are customarily sold or used at the same time.

Where two or more designs are filed as one application in accordance with the provisions of Article 31, paragraph 2 of the Patent
Law, they shall be numbered consecutively and the numbers shall be placed in front of the post_titles of the view of the product incorporating
the design.

Article 37 When withdrawing an application for a patent, the applicant shall submit to the Patent Office a declaration stating the post_title of
the invention-creation, the filing number and the date of filing.

Where a declaration to withdraw an application for a patent is submitted after the printing preparation has been done by the Patent
Office for publishing of the application documents, the application shall be published as scheduled.

CHAPTER III EXAMINATION AND APPROVAL OF APPLICATION FOR PATENT

Article 38 Any person who is to examine or hear a case in the procedures of preliminary examination, substantial examination, reexamination,
revocation or invalidation shall, on his own initiative or upon the request of the party concerned or any other interested person,
avoid being present in any of the following situations:

(1) where he is a close relative of the party concerned or the latter’s agent;

(2) where he has an interest in the application for patent or the patent right;

(3) where he has such other kinds of relations with the party concerned or the latter’s agent that might influence impartial examination
and hearing.

Where a member of the Patent Reexamination Board has taken part in the examination of the application, the provisions of the preceding
paragraph shall apply.

The avoidance of a person in examining and hearing a case shall be decided by the Patent Office.

Article 39 Upon the receipt of an application for a patent for invention or utility model consisting of a request, a description (a drawing
being indispensable for utility model) and one or more claims, or an application for a patent for design consisting of a request
and one or more drawings or photographs showing the design, the Patent Office shall accord the date of filing and a filing number
and notify the applicant.

Article 40 In any of the following situations, the Patent Office shall not accept and shall notify the applicant accordingly:

(1) where the application for a patent for invention or utility model does not contain a request, a description (or a description
of utility model without drawings) or claims, or the application for a patent for design does not contain a request, drawings or
photographs;

(2) where the application is not written in Chinese;

(3) where the application is not in conformity with the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 94 of these Rules;

(4) where the request does not contain the name and address of the a

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MEASURES FOR THE CONTROL OF CHINESE CITIZENS TRAVELLING TO OR FROM THE REGION OF TAIWAN

INTERIM PROVISIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF SHANGHAI METAL EXCHANGE

REGULATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IMPORT AND EXPORT COMMODITY INSPECTION

INTERIM PROVISIONS OF THE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE,THE STATE ADMINISTRATION FOR INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF OFFICES WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF CHINA BY FOREIGN LAW FIRMS

PROTECTION OF MINORS

REGULATIONS ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF SAVINGS

CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE APPROVAL AND TRANSMISSION OF PROPOSALS SUBMITTED BY THE BUREAU OF LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS OF THE STATE COUNCIL ON MATTERS RELATING TO HEALTH CERTIFICATES OF CHINESE CREW MEMBERS ON BOARD SHIPS CONDUCTING INTERNATIONAL VOYAGES

REGULATIONS ON THE PROTECTION OF TYPES OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE POLICE RANKS OF THE PEOPLE’S POLICE

CIRCULAR OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLAN FOR A NEW NATIONAL ECONOMIC ACCOUNTING SYSTEM

RULES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PATENT LAW

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 22

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 21

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 20

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 19

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 18

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 17

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 16

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 12

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 11

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 10

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 9

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 8

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 7

Category	INSPECTION OF IMPORT AND EXPORT COMMODITIES	Organ of Promulgation	The State Council	Status of Effect	In Force
Date of Promulgation	1992-10-23	Effective Date	1992-10-23

Category	BANKING	Organ of Promulgation	The State Council	Status of Effect	In Force
Date of Promulgation	1992-12-11	Effective Date	1993-03-01

Category	COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSPORT	Organ of Promulgation	The General Office of the State Council	Status of Effect	In Force
Date of Promulgation	1992-08-30	Effective Date	1992-08-30

Category	PUBLIC HEALTH AND MEDICINE	Organ of Promulgation	The State Council	Status of Effect	In Force
Date of Promulgation	1992-10-14	Effective Date	1993-01-01