1987

INTERIM PROVISIONS OF THE SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE FOR THE CONTROL OF PERSONNEL ENTERING AND LEAVING CHINAA

CIRCULAR OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE CUTTING DOWN THE STATE’S FOREIGN EXCHANGE EXPENDITURE IN THE INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT OF PASSENGERS, CARGOES AND MAIL

Category  CIVIL AVIATION Organ of Promulgation  The State Council Status of Effect  In Force
Date of Promulgation  1981-07-24 Effective Date  1981-07-24  


Circular of the State Council Concerning the Cutting Down the State’s Foreign Exchange Expenditure in the International Air Transport
of Passengers, Cargoes and Mail

(July 24, 1981)

    The following Circular is hereby issued with reference to the general
practice of various countries in the world for the purpose of safeguarding
the State’s interests, cutting down the State’s foreign exchange expenditure
and developing China’s civil aviation undertakings:

    All Chinese and foreigners who are travelling at the expense of the
relevant units of China (including private individuals who are going abroad
with foreign exchange paid by the Bank of China) on international routes where
the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) operates its flights
(whether they are going abroad, or returning to China, or travelling between
two localities abroad) shall take CAAC flights; cargoes that are to be
transported by air shall also be carried by the CAAC if the Transport expense
is to be covered by the State; and, when the time limit for delivery is the
same, the CAAC shall have the priority of carrying airmail. The CAAC shall
grant appropriate preferential treatment at its discretion. Under special
circumstances, where emergencies render it impossible to wait until CAAC
flights are available, the carrying may be performed by foreign airlines
through the arrangement by the CAAC; the CAAC shall issue a certificate
to facilitate the reimbursement of the expenses thus incurred. Violators of
the aforesaid provisions may not have their expenses reimbursed by their
respective finance departments.

    Various regions and departments are requested to earnestly implement the
aforesaid provisions and the Civil Aviation Administration of China and the
Ministry of Finance shall supervise the implementation thereof.






MARRIAGE LAW

Marriage Law of the People’s Republic of China

    

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER II MARRIAGE CONTRACT

CHAPTER III FAMILY RELATIONS

CHAPTER IV DIVORCE

CHAPTER V SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS

   Article 1. This Law is the fundamental code governing marriage and family relations.

   Article 2. A marriage system based on the free choice of partners, on monogamy and on equality between man and woman shall be applied.

The lawful rights and interests of women, children and old people shall be protected.

Family planning shall be practised.

   Article 3. Marriage upon arbitrary decision by any third party, mercenary marriage and any other acts of interference in the
freedom of marriage shall be prohibited. The exaction of money or gifts in connection with marriage shall be prohibited. Bigamy
shall be prohibited. Maltreatment and desertion of one family member by another shall be prohibited.

CHAPTER II MARRIAGE CONTRACTS

   Article 4. Marriage must be based upon the complete willingness of both man and woman. Neither party may use compulsion on the other party,
and no third party may interfere.

   Article 5. No marriage may be contracted before the man has reached 22 years of age and the woman 20 years of age. Late marriage
and late childbirth shall be encouraged.

   Article 6. No marriage may be contracted under any of the following circumstances:

(1) if the man and the woman are lineal relatives by blood, or collateral relatives by blood up to the third degree of
kinship; or

(2) if the man or the woman is suffering from leprosy, a cure not having been effected, or from any other disease
which is regarded by medical science as rending a person unfit for marriage.

   Article 7. Both the man and the woman desiring to contract a marriage shall register in person with the marriage registration office.
If the proposed marriage is found to conform with the provisions of this Law, the couple shall be allowed to register
and issued marriage certificates. The husband-and-wife relationship shall be established as soon as they acquire the marriage
certificates.

   Article 8. After a marriage has been registered, the woman may become a member of the man’s family or vice versa, depending on the agreed
wishes of the two parties.

CHAPTER III FAMILY RELATIONS

   Article 9. Husband and wife shall have equal status in the family.

   Article 10. Both husband and wife shall have the right to use his or her own surname and given name.

   Article 11. Both husband and wife shall have the freedom to engage in production and other work, to study and to participate
in social activities; neither party may restrict or interfere with the other party.

   Article 12. Both husband and wife shall have the duty to practise family planning.

   Article 13. The property acquired by the husband and the wife during the period in which they are under contract of marriage shall be
in their joint possession, unless they have agreed otherwise.

Husband and wife shall enjoy equal rights in the disposition of their jointly possessed property.

   Article 14. Husband and wife shall have the duty to maintain each other.

If one party fails to perform this duty, the party in need of maintenance shall have the right to demand maintenance
payments from the other party.

   Article 15. Parents shall have the duty to bring up and educate their children; children shall have the duty to support and assist
their parents.

If parents fail to perform their duty, children who are minors or are not capable of living on their own shall have the
right to demand the costs of upbringing from their parents.

If children fail to perform their duty, parents who are unable to work or have difficulty in providing for themselves
shall have the right to demand support payments from their children.

Infanticide by drowning and any other acts causing serious harm to infants shall be prohibited.

   Article 16. Children may adopt either their father’s or their mother’s surname.

   Article 17. Parents shall have the right and duty to subject their children who are minors to discipline and to protect them. If
children who are minors cause damage to the state, the collective or individuals, their parents shall have the duty to compensate
for the losses financially.

   Article 18. Husband and wife shall have the right to inherit each other’s property.

Parents and children shall have the right to inherit each other’s property.

   Article 19. Children born out of wedlock shall enjoy the same rights as children born in wedlock. No one may harm or discriminate against
them.

The father of a child born out of wedlock shall bear part or the whole of the child’s living and educational expenses
until the child can support himself.

   Article 20. The state shall protect lawful adoption. The relevant provisions of this Law governing the relationship between
parents and children shall apply to the rights and duties in the relationship between foster-parents and foster-children.

The rights and duties in the relationship between a foster-child and his natural parents shall terminate with the establishment
of his adoption.

   Article 21. Maltreatment and discrimination shall not be allowed between step-parents and step-children.

The relevant provisions of this Law governing the relationship between parents and children shall apply to
the rights and duties in the relationship between step-fathers or step-mothers and their stepchildren who receive care
and education from them.

   Article 22. Grandparents who can afford it shall have the duty to bring up their grandchildren who are minors and whose parents
are dead. Grandchildren who can afford it shall have the duty to support their grandparents whose children are dead.

   Article 23. Elder brothers or elder sisters who can afford it shall have the duty to bring up their younger brothers or sisters who
are minors, if their parents are dead or have no means to bring them up.

CHAPTER IV DIVORCE

   Article 24. Divorce shall be granted if husband and wife both desire it. Both parties shall apply to the marriage registration
office for divorce. The marriage registration office, after clearly establishing that divorce is desired by both parties
and that appropriate arrangements have been made for the care of any children and the disposition of property, shall
issue the divorce certificates without delay.

   Article 25. If one party alone desires a divorce, the organization concerned may carry out mediation or the party may appeal
directly to a people’s court to start divorce proceedings.

In dealing with a divorce case, the people’s court should carry out mediation; divorce shall be granted if
mediation fails because mutual affection no longer exists.

   Article 26. If the spouse of a soldier in active service desires a divorce, the soldier’s consent must be obtained.

   Article 27. A husband may not apply for a divorce when his wife is pregnant or within one year after the birth of the child. This
restriction shall not apply in cases where the wife applies for a divorce, or when the people’s court deems it necessary to
accept the divorce application made by the husband.

   Article 28. If, after divorce, both parties desire to resume their husband-and-wife relationship, they shall apply for
registration of remarriage with the marriage registration office. The marriage registration office shall allow them to register.

   Article 29. The relationship between parents and children shall not come to an end with the parents divorce. After divorce,
whether the children are put in the custody of the father or the mother, they shall remain the children of both parents.

After divorce, both parents shall still have the right and duty to bring up and educate their children.

In principle, the mother shall have the custody of a breast-fed infant after divorce. If a dispute arises between the
two parents over the custody of their child who has been weaned and they fail to reach an agreement, the people’s court
shall make a judgment in accordance with the rights and interests of the child and the actual conditions of both
parents.

   Article 30. If, after divorce, one parent has been given custody of a child, the other parent shall bear part or the whole
of the child’s necessary living and educational expenses. The two parents shall seek agreement regarding the
amount and duration of such payment. If they fail to reach an agreement, the people’s court shall make a judgment.

The agreement or court judgment on the payment of a child’s living and educational expenses shall not prevent
the child from making a reasonable request, when necessary, to either parent for an amount exceeding what was decided
upon in the said agreement or judgment.

   Article 31. At the time of divorce, the husband and the wife shall seek agreement regarding the disposition of their jointly possessed
property. If they fail to reach an agreement, the people’s court shall make a judgment, taking into consideration the
actual circumstances of the property and the rights and interests of the wife and the child.

   Article 32. At the time of divorce, debts incurred jointly by the husband and the wife during their married life shall be paid out
of their jointly possessed property. If such property is insufficient to pay the debts, the two parties shall
discuss alternative ways of payment. If they fail to reach an agreement, the people’s court shall make a judgment. Debts
incurred separately by the husband or the wife shall be paid by the party who incurred them.

   Article 33. If, at the time of divorce, one party has difficulty in supporting himself or herself, the other party shall render
appropriate financial assistance. Specific arrangements shall be worked out by both parties through consultation.
If they fail to reach an agreement, the people’s court shall make a judgment.

CHAPTER V SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

   Article 34. Persons violating this Law shall be subject to administrative or legal sanctions in accordance with the
law and on the merits of each case.

   Article 35. In cases where a person refuses to abide by the judgments or rulings on costs of upbringing, maintenance or support payments,
or on the partitioning or inheritance of property, the people’s court shall enforce the execution of the judgments
or rulings in accordance with the law. The organizations concerned shall have the duty to assist such executions.

   Article 36. The people’s congresses of national autonomous areas and their standing committees may formulate certain adaptations
or supplementary provisions in keeping with the principles of this Law and in the light of the specific conditions
of the local nationalities in regard to marriage and family. Provisions formulated by autonomous prefectures
and autonomous counties must be submitted to the standing committee of the people’s congress of the relevant
province or autonomous region for approval. Provisions formulated by autonomous regions must be submitted to the
Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress for the record.

   Article 37. This Law shall come into force as of January 1, 1981.

The Marriage Law of the People’s Republic of China promulgated on May 1, 1950 shall be invalidated as of the day this
Law comes into force.

    






A CLARIFICATION OF THE COMMISSION FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS ON SEVERAL QUESTIONS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERIM PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF RESIDENT REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES OF FOREIGN ENTERPRISES

The General Office of the State Council

Circular of the General Office of the State Council Concerning the Transmission of a Clarification Submitted by the Commission for
the Administration of Foreign Investments on Several Questions on the Implementation of Interim Provisions of the State Council of
the People’s Republic of China on the Administration of Resident Representative Offices of Foreign Enterprises

The clarification submitted by the Commission for the Administration of Foreign Investments on several questions on the implementation
of “Interim Provisions of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China on the Administration of Resident Representative Offices
of Foreign Enterprises”, has been approved by the State Council and is hereby transmitted to you, and you are requested to implement
it accordingly.

The General Office of the State Council

August 3, 1981

A Clarification of the Commission for the Administration of Foreign Investments on Several Questions on the Implementation of Interim
Provisions of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China on the Administration of Resident Representative Offices of Foreign
Enterprises

Since the promulgation of the “Interim Provisions of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China on the Administrative of
Resident Representative Offices of Foreign Enterprises” (hereinafter referred to as the “Interim Provisions”), the various examining
and approving units have, in accordance with the “Interim Provisions”, examined and approved, the applications filed by foreign businessmen
for the establishment of resident representative offices, the departments for the administration of industry and commerce have approved
their registration, and the organs of public security have performed residence procedures; work in this respect has made very good
progress, and the administrative work concerning the resident representative offices of foreign enterprises has been strengthened
to some extent. However, in the course of implementing the “Interim Provisions”, there still exist some questions which need to be
defined more sharply or clarified. Now, several questions concerning the implementation of the “Interim Provisions” are hereby clarified
as follows:

(1)

“Other economic organizations”, as mentioned in Article 1 of the “Interim Provisions”, refer to those organizations which are engaged
in economic, trade, technological or finance business activities but are not called companies or enterprises as such, and which also
include such non-profit economic organizations as the Japanese-Chinese Economic Association, the Japanese Association for the Promotion
of International Trade, the National Council for American-Chinese Trade Relations, and Council for Canadian-Chinese Trade Relations.

(2)

Article 2 of the “Interim Provisions”, which reads: “Those who have not obtained approval or have not gone through the procedures
for registration shall not be permitted to undertake business operations as resident representative offices”, means that those who
have not obtained approval or have not gone through the procedures for registration shall not be permitted to undertake business
operations in the capacity of the staff of resident (representative) offices, and neither shall they be permitted to put up any sign
at their residences that represents foreign companies or enterprises.

With respect to those who undertake unauthorized business operations in the capacity of the staff of resident (representative) offices
without going through the proper approval registration procedures for setting up resident representative offices, the departments
for the administration of industry and commerce shall notify the persons concerned to close down their resident offices and to stop
their business operations forthwith.

(3)

With respect to the certifying documents and relevant materials to be presented by foreign enterprises when applying for permission
to set up resident representative offices as provided for in Article 3 of the “Interim Provisions”, the written application and
the vesting instrument must be presented in the original and the other certifying documents may be presented in duplicate or photo
copies. As regards “documentation as to creditworthiness issued by the financial institutions”, if a foreign businessman has difficulty
providing one, flexibility may be exercised by requiring the foreign businessman concerned to present certifying documents indicating
business transactions concluded between the foreign businessman and a bank within the preceding year instead.

When a non-profit foreign economic organization applies for permission to set up its resident representative office, it may be exempt
from presenting the documentation as to creditworthiness required in Article 3 of the “Interim Provisions”.

(4)

“Enterprises outside these lines of business”, as mentioned in Article 4 of the “Interim Provisions”, refer to those trades such
as cooperative exploitation of oil and coal resources and etc. which are beyond the approving authority of the Ministry of Foreign
Trade, the People’s Bank of China, the Ministry of Communications, and the Civil Aviation Administration of China, and the parties
concerned shall submit their applications to the competent departments concerned under the State Council for approval in light of
the nature of their businesses.

With respect to those non-profit foreign economic organizations, which are the counterparts of the China Council for the Promotion
of International Trade, their applications for permission to set up resident representative offices shall, for the time being, be
submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Trade for examination and approval. In the course of examination and approval, the Ministry
of Foreign Trade shall consult with the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade.

With respect to foreign businessmen in the trust and investment trades, their applications for permission to set up resident representative
offices shall, for the time being, be submitted to the People’s Bank of China for examination and approval. In the course of examination
and approval, the People’s Bank of China shall consult with the China International Trust and Investment Corporation.

(5)

In the event that several foreign enterprises of different trades jointly apply for permission to set up a comprehensive resident
representative office, they shall submit their application to the Commission for the Administration of Foreign Investments of the
People’s Republic of China, and the latter shall examine and approve the application in consultation with the relevant units.

(6)

Owing to the serious shortage of housing at present, strict control shall be exercised, by the examining and approving organ in accordance
with the specific conditions, over the number of staff of the proposed resident representative offices of foreign enterprises and
over the duration of residence. An application to set up a resident representative office shall not be approved if the problem of
housing has not been solved.

The maximum duration of residence, approved on each occasion, shall not exceed 3 years. On the expiration of this prescribed period,
if it is necessary to have an extension, the foreign enterprise concerned shall submit anew its application to the examining and
approving organ 3 months before the expiration of the original prescribed duration of residence. And, after obtaining approval, the
foreign enterprise concerned shall apply to the department for administration of industry and commerce for registration.

If resident representative offices are to be set up in China in accordance with an agreement between the Chinese government and foreign
governments, the foreign enterprises concerned shall go through the procedures for registration in accordance with the “Interim Provisions”,
and the number of staff of the proposed resident representative office, the duration of residence, the registration fees, etc., shall
be handled according to the principle of reciprocity.

(7)

The approving organ, while issuing the certificate of approval to the applying unit, shall notify in writing the General Administration
for Industry and Commerce. The departments for administration of industry and commerce shall, after the foreign enterprise concerned
has gone through the registration procedures, notify without delay the State Commission for the Administration of Foreign Investments,
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Public Security, the General Administration of Customs, and the State Taxation Administration
under the Ministry of Finance.

With respect to foreign enterprises in the trust and investment trades which apply for permission to set up their resident representative
offices, after they have obtained approval and have gone through the registration procedures, the department concerned shall at the
same time notify the China International Trust and Investment Corporation.

With respect to those non-profit foreign economic organizations, which are the counterparts of the China Council for the Promotion
of International Trade applying for permission to set up their resident representative offices, after they have obtained approval
and have gone through the registration procedures, the department concerned shall at the same time notify the China Council for the
Promotion of International Trade.

(8)

Article 5 of the “Interim Provisions” reads: “The original approval document shall be turned over in case of failure to register
at the expiring of the specific period”. An applicant shall go through the procedures for registration with the department for administration
of industry and commerce within 30 days from the day he/she has received the certificate; if he/she has failed to do so within the
prescribed time limit, he/she shall be considered to have withdrawn automatically the original application, and the certificate of
approval already issued to him/her shall become invalid automatically, and he/she shall be required to return the certificate of
approval to the original approving organ.

(9)

The change of “address”, as mentioned in Article 7 of the “Interim Provisions”, refers to a change effected within the same city.
However, the change of room number within the same building shall not be considered as a change of the address. The resident representative
office concerned is required to notify, without delay, change of the address of the resident office to the local competent department
concerned and also to the department for registration.

In case that the resident representative office of a foreign enterprise has to change its address at the request of the competent
department concerned of China, the foreign enterprise concerned shall be required to go through the procedures for the registration
of the change without paying any registration fees.

(10)

The engagement of working personnel by the resident representative office of a foreign enterprise shall be handled in accordance with
the provisions in Document No.48, signed and issued jointly, in 1981, by the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, the General Administration for Industry and Commerce, the Commission for the Administration of Imports and Exports, and
the Ministry of Foreign Trade; and, in principle, no individual of a third country or Chinese without regular registered residence
in China shall be hired. However, in special cases, citizens of a third country or individuals from the areas of Hong Kong and Macao
may be engaged with the approval of the local department of foreign affairs services and of the labor department.

(11)

Article 4 of “Circular Concerning Registration of Resident Representative Offices of Foreign Enterprises” promulgated by the General
Administration for Industry arid Commerce of the People’s Republic of China on December 8, 1980, provides: “the resident representative
offices, or the resident representatives, of foreign enterprises approved by the competent departments of the people’s government
of the province, municipality directly under the Central Government, and autonomous region” refer to the resident representative
offices of foreign enterprises approved before the promulgation of the “Interim Provisions” by the State Council on October 30, 1980.
Applications to set up resident representative offices submitted by foreign enterprises after the promulgation of the “Interim Provisions”
shall be handled in accordance with the “Interim Provisions”.

(12)

In the event that foreign businessmen apply for permission to set up resident representative offices in cities other than Beijing,
with the exception of such trades as banking or air transportation-die applications shall be submitted directly to the competent
departments listed in Article 4 of the “Interim Provisions”, all other trades shall, in light of the nature of their respective
businesses, apply accordingly to the local bureau of foreign trade or bureau of communications of the province, municipality directly
under the Central Government, or autonomous region, or to the departments or bureaus in the localities, which have a direct business
relationship with the ministries, commissions or bureaus under the State Council; and the aforesaid departments shall, in turn, write
their comments on the written applications and forward same, for examination and approval, to the competent departments concerned
listed in Article 4 of the “Interim Provisions”.

(13)

With the exception of such trades as banking and air transportation, in case that foreign businessmen apply for permission to set
up resident representative offices in the two provinces of Guangdong and Fujian, their applications shall be submitted to the provincial
governments for examination and approval. In case that resident representative offices are to be set up in the Shenzhen, Zhuhai and
Xiamen Special Economic Zones, the applications shall be submitted for examination and approval to the provincial committee for the
administration of special economic zones.

(14)

If enterprises established and run abroad by overseas Chinese, by compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, wish to set up resident
representative offices in China (including Guangdong and Fujian Provinces and the special economic zones), their applications shall
be dealt with reference to the “Interim Provisions” and this Clarification.

(15)

Should problems arise in the course of the execution of the “Interim Provisions” and of this Clarification, and explanations and solutions
are called for, they shall be handled through coordination and consultation by the State Commission for the Administration of Foreign
Investments.



 
The General Office of the State Council
1981-08-03

 







MARRIAGE LAW OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE OFFICES OF FOREIGN ENTERPRISES

Category  FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TECHNOLOGICAL COOPERATION Organ of Promulgation  The State Council Status of Effect  In Force
Date of Promulgation  1981-08-03 Effective Date  1981-08-03  


Circular of the General Office of the State Council Concerning the

Circular
Appendix: A CLARIFICATION OF THE COMMISSION FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF

Transmission of a Clarification Submitted by the Commission for the
Administration of Foreign Investments on Several Questions on the
Implementation of Interim Provisions of the State Council of the
People’srepublic of China on the Administration of Resident Representative

Offices of Foreign Enterprises

(August 3, 1981)

Circular

    The clarification submitted by the Commission for the Administration of
Foreign Investments on several questions on the implementation of “Interim
Provisions of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China Governing
Resident Representative Offices of Foreign Enterprises”, has been approved by
the State Council and is hereby transmitted to you, and you are requested to
implement it accordingly.
Appendix: A CLARIFICATION OF THE COMMISSION FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS ON SEVERAL QUESTIONS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERIM
PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE
ADMINISTRATION OF RESIDENT REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES OF FOREIGN ENTERPRISES

    Since the promulgation of the “Interim Provisions of the State Council of
the People’s Republic of China Governing Resident Representative Offices of
Foreign Enterprises” (hereinafter referred to as the “Interim Provisions”), the
various examining and approving units have, in accordance with the “Interim
Provisions”, examined and approved, the applications filed by foreign
businessmen for the establishment of resident representative offices, the
departments for the administration of industry and commerce have approved their
registration, and the organs of public security have the performed residence
procedures; work in this respect has made very good progress, and the
administrative work concerning the resident representative offices of foreign
enterprises has been strengthened to some extent. However, in the course of
implementing the “Interim Provisions”, there still exist some questions which
need to be defined more sharply or clarified. Now, several questions concerning
the implementation of the “Interim Provisions” are hereby clarified as follows:

    (1) “Other economic organizations”, as mentioned in Article 1 of the
“Interim Provisions”, refer to those organizations which are engaged in
economic, trade, technological or finance business activities but are not
called companies or enterprises as such, and which also include such non-profit
economic organizations as the Japanese-Chinese Economic Association, the
Japanese Association for the Promotion of International Trade, the National
Council for American-Chinese Trade Relations, and Council for Canadian-Chinese
Trade Relations.

    (2) Article 2 of the “Interim Provisions”, which reads: “Those who have not
obtained approval or have not gone through the procedures for registration
shall not be permitted to undertake business operations of resident offices”,
means that those who have not obtained approval or have not gone through the
procedures for registration shall not be permitted to undertake business
operations in the capacity of the staff of resident (representative) offices,
and neither shall they be permitted to put up any sign at their residences that
represents foreign companies or enterprises.

    With respect to those who undertake unauthorized business operations in the
capacity of the staff of resident (representative) offices without going
through the proper approval registration procedures for setting up resident
representative offices, the departments for the administration of industry and
commerce shall notify the persons concerned to close down their resident
offices and to stop their business operations forthwith.

    (3) With respect to the certifying documents and relevant materials to be
presented by foreign enterprises when applying for the permission to set up
resident representative offices as provided for in Article 3 of the “Interim
Provisions”, the written application and the vesting instrument must be
presented in the original and the other certifying documents may be presented
in duplicate or photo copies. As regards “the certificates of creditworthiness
issued by a financial institution”, if a foreign businessman has difficulty
providing one, flexibility may be exercised by requiring the foreign
businessman concerned to present certifying documents indicating business
transactions concluded between the foreign businessman and a bank within the
preceding year instead.

    When a non-profit foreign economic organization applies for the permission
to set up its resident representative office, it may be exempt from presenting
the certificate of creditworthiness required in Article 3 of the “Interim
Provisions”.

    (4) “The other trades”, as mentioned in Article 4 of the “Interim
Provisions”, refer to those trades such as cooperative exploitation of oil and
coal resources and etc. which are beyond the approving authority of the
Ministry of Foreign Trade, the People’s Bank of China, the Ministry of
Communications, and the Civil Aviation Administration of China, and the parties
concerned shall submit their applications to the competent departments
concerned under the State Council for approval in light of the nature of their
businesses.

    With respect to those non-profit foreign economic organizations, which are
the counterparts of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade,
their applications for the permission to set up resident representative
offices shall, for the time being, be submitted to the Ministry of Foreign
Trade for examination and approval. In the course of examination and approval,
the Ministry of Foreign Trade shall consult China Council for the Promotion of
International Trade.

    With respect to foreign businessmen in the trust and investment trade,
their applications for the permission to set up resident representative offices
shall, for the time being, be submitted to the People’s Bank of China for
examination and approval. In the course of examination and approval, the
People’s Bank of China shall consult the China International Trust and
Investment Corporation.

    (5) In the event that several foreign enterprises of different trades
jointly apply for the permission to set up a comprehensive resident
representative office, they shall submit their application to the Commission
for the Administration of Foreign Investments of the People’s Republic of
China, and the latter shall examine and approve the application in consultation
with the relevant units.

    (6) Owing to the serious shortage of housing at present, a strict control
shall be exercised, by the examining and approving organ in accordance with the
specific conditions, over the number of staff of the proposed resident
representative offices of foreign enterprises and over the duration of
residence. An application for the setting up of a resident representative
office shall not be approved if the problem of housing has not been solved. The
maximum duration of residence, approved on each occasion, shall not exceed 3
years. On the expiration of this prescribed period, if it is necessary to have
an extension, the foreign enterprise concerned shall submit anew its
application to the examining and approving organ 3 months before the expiration
of the original prescribed duration of residence. And, after obtaining the
approval, the foreign enterprise concerned shall apply to the department for
the administration of industry and commerce for registration. If resident
representative offices are to be set up in China in accordance with agreement
between the Chinese government and foreign governments, the foreign enterprises
concerned shall go through the procedures for registration in accordance with
the “Interim Provisions”, and the number of staff of the proposed resident
representative office, the duration of residence, the registration fees, etc.,
shall be handled according to the principle of reciprocity.

    (7) The approving organ, while issuing the certificate of approval to the
applying unit, shall notify in writing the case to the General Administration
for Industry and Commerce. The departments for the administration of industry
and Commerce shall, after the foreign enterprise concerned has gone through the
registration procedures, notify without delay the case to the State Commission
for the Administration of Foreign Investments, the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, the Ministry of Public Security, the Customs General Administration,
and the State Tax Bureau under the Ministry of Finance.

    With respect to foreign enterprises in the trust and investment trade which
apply for the permission to set up their resident representative offices,
after they have obtained the approval and have gone through the registration
procedures, the department concerned shall at the same time notify the case to
the China International Trust and Investment Corporation.

    With respect to those non-profit foreign economic organizations, which are
the counterparts of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade
and apply for the permission to set up their resident representative offices,
after they have obtained approval and have gone through the registration
procedures, the department concerned shall at the same time notify the case to
the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade.

    (8) Article 5 of the “Interim Provisions” reads: “Those who have failed to
go through the procedures for registration within the prescribed time limit,
shall return the original certificate of approval”. An applicant shall go
through the procedures for registration with the department for the
administration of industry and commerce within 30 days from the day he/she has
received the certificate; if he/she has failed to do so within prescribed time
limit, he/she shall be considered to have withdrawn automatically the original
application, and the certificate of approval already issued to him/her shall
become invalid automatically, and he/she shall be required to return the
certificate of approval to the original approving organ.

    (9) The change of “the location of resident office”, as mentioned in
Article 7 of the “Interim Provisions”, refers to the change effected within the
same city. However, the change of room number within the same building shall
not be considered as a change of the location of resident office. The resident
representative office concerned is required to notify, without delay, the case
of change of the location of resident office to the local competent department
concerned and also to the department for registration.

    In case that the resident representative office of a foreign enterprise has
to change its location at the request of the competent department concerned of China, the foreign enterprise concerned shall be
required to go through the
procedures for the registration of the change without paying any registration
fees.

    (10) If the resident representative office of a foreign enterprise wishes
to employ staff members, the case shall be handled in accordance with the
provisions in Document No.48, signed and issued jointly, in 1981, by the
Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the General
Administration for Industry and Commerce, the Commission for the Administration
of Imports and Exports, and the Ministry of Foreign Trade; and, in principle,
no individual of a third country or Chinese without regular registered
residence in China shall be hired. However, in special cases, citizens of a
third country or individuals from the areas of Hong Kong and Macao may be
engaged with the approval of the local department of service for foreign
affairs and of the labour department.

    (11) Article 4 of “Circular Concerning Registration of Resident
Representative Offices of Foreign Enterprises” promulgated by the General
Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People’s Republic of China on
December 8, 1980, provides: “the resident representative offices, or the
resident representatives, of foreign enterprises approved by the competent
departments of the people’s governments of the province, municipality directly
under the Central Government, and autonomous region” refer to the resident
representative offices of foreign enterprises approved before the promulgation
of the “Interim Provisions” by the State Council on October 30, 1980.
Applications for the setting up of resident representative offices submitted by
foreign enterprises after the promulgation of the “Interim Provisions” shall
be handled in accordance with the “Interim Provisions”.

    (12) In the event that foreign businessmen apply for permission to set up
resident representative offices in cities other than Beijing, with the
exception of such trades as banking or air transportation – the applications
shall be submitted directly to the competent departments listed in Article 4 of the “Interim Provisions”, all other trades shall,
in light of the nature of
their respective businesses, apply accordingly to the local bureau of foreign
trade or bureau of communications of the province, municipality directly under
the Central Government, or autonomous region, or to the departments or bureaus
in the localities, which have a direct business relationship with the
ministries, commissions or bureaus under the State Council; and the aforesaid
departments shall, in turn, write their comments on the written applications
and forward same, for examination and approval, to the competent departments
concerned listed in Article 4 of the “Interim Provisions”.

    (13) With the exception of such trades as banking and air transportation,
in case that foreign businessmen apply for the permission to set up resident
representative offices in the two provinces of Guangdong and Fujian, their
applications shall be submitted to the provincial governments for examination
and approval. In case that resident representative offices are to be set up in
the Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Xiamen Special Economic Zones, the applications shall
be submitted for examination and approval to the provincial committee for the
administration of special economic zones.

    (14) If enterprises established and run abroad by overseas Chinese, by
compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, wish to set up resident
representative offices in China (including Guangdong and Fujian Provinces and
the special economic zones), their applications shall be dealt with reterence
to the “Interim Provisions” and this Clarification.

    (15) Should problems arise in the course of tbe execution of the “interim
Provisions” and of this Clarification, and that explanation and solutions are
called for, they shall be handled through coordination and consultation by the
State Commission for the Administration of Foreign Investments.?







REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON ACADEMIC DEGREES

RULES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTROLS RELATING TO FOREIGN INSTITUTIONS IN CHINA AND THEIR PERSONNEL

RULES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTROL RELATING TO INDIVIDUALS

Category  BANKING Organ of Promulgation  The State Council Status of Effect  Invalidated
Date of Promulgation  1981-12-31 Effective Date  1981-12-31 Date of Invalidation  1996-04-01


Rules for the Implementation of Foreign Exchange Control Relating to Individuals



(Approved by the State Council on December 31,1981, promulgated by the

State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control on December 31,1981)
(Editor’s Note: These Rules have been annulled by Regulations of the People’s
Republic of China on Foreige Exchange Control promulgated on January 29, 1996
and effective as of April 1, 1996)

    Article 1  These Rules are formulated in order to implement the provisions
of Chapter III of the Interim Regulations on Foreign Exchange Control of the
People’s Republic of China.

    Article 2  When Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing
in China, receive foreign exchange remitted from foreign countries or from
Hong Kong, Macao or other regions, they must sell it to the Bank of China;
they shall be permitted to retain 10% in foreign exchange of each single large
remittance that is equivalent to 3,000 yuan or more in Renminbi.

    All owners shall enjoy the relevant preferential treatment for overseas
Chinese remittances with respect to the Renminbi that they receive through
sales of foreign exchange remittances to the Bank of China as mentioned above.

    Article 3  When entrusting the Bank of China, to repatriate the foreign
exchange that was kept in foreign countries or in Hong Kong, Macao or other
regions by Chinese residing in China prior to the founding of the People’s
Republic of China, by overseas Chinese prior to their returning to and
settling down in China, or by Hong Kong and Macao compatriots prior to their
returning to and settling down in their native places, and to repatriate the
foreign exchange received by inheriting property in foreign countries or in
Hong Kong, Macao or other regions by Chinese residing in China after the
founding of the People’s Republic of China, by overseas Chinese after their
returning to and settling down in China, or by Hong Kong and Macao compatriots
after their returning to and settling down in their native places, the owners
shall be permitted to retain 30% of the foreign exchange; as to the Renminbi
received after the remaining 70% is converted, the owners may enjoy the
relevant preferential treatment for overseas Chinese remittances.

    Foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in China, when entrusting
the Bank of China to repatriate foreign exchange that they have kept abroad
or that they have received by inheriting property outside China, shall be
permitted to retain a portion of the foreign exchange in accordance with
the percentage as stipulated in the preceding paragraph.

    Article 4  When overseas Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots, etc.
return to and settle down in China or in their native places, they shall be
permitted to retain 30% of the foreign exchange that they remit or bring into,
if they apply to the Bank within two months after their entry; as to the
Renminbi received after the remaining 70% is converted, the owners may enjoy
the relevant preferential treatment for overseas Chinese remittances. The
application for permission to retain a portion of the foreign exchange brought
into as mentioned above can be made only on the strength of the relevant
Customs declaration form.

    Article 5  When personnel sent by the State to work in foreign countries
or in Hong Kong, Macao or other regions return home upon completion of their
missions, they must promptly remit or bring back to China the remaining
foreign exchange from wages, allowances, etc. that belongs to them, and it
shall not be kept abroad; they shall be permitted to retain the foreign
exchange on the strength of certification issued by Chinese organizations
stationed abroad.

    Article 6  Students, trainees, postgraduate students, scholars, teachers,
coaches and other personnel who are sent by the State to study in foreign
countries or in Hong Kong, Macao or other regions must, upon their return,
promptly remit or bring back to China the remaining amount of the foreign
exchange that they have received during their stay abroad, and it shall not be
kept abroad; they shall be permitted to retain the foreign exchange that they
are enpost_titled to receive, on the strength of certification issued by Chinese
organizations stationed abroad.

    Article 7  The foreign exchange from fees for publication, copyright
royalties, awards, stipend, author’s remuneration, etc. earned by individuals
for publications of their inventions, writings and the like abroad, for
speeches and lectures made in their own names outside China, for their
contributions to foreign newspapers, magazines and specialized journals, etc.,
must promptly be repatriated and shall not be kept abroad; individuals shall
be permitted to retain the foreign exchange that they are enpost_titled to receive
according to the relevant provisions approved by the State Council or the
ministries or commissions concerned, or with the approval of the State
Administration of Foreign Exchange Control.

    Article 8  The foreign exchange that individuals are permitted to retain
under the preceding Articles must be deposited with the Bank of China. Such
deposits in foreign currency may be remitted abroad or may be taken abroad on
the strength of certification issued by the Bank of China; if these deposits
are converted into Renminbi, the owners may enjoy the relevant preferential
treatment for overseas Chinese remittances. However, these deposit
certificates may not, without authorization, be carried or sent out of China
either by holders or by others or by post.

    The foreign exchange retained by individuals may not be dealt with in
violation of the provisions in paragraph 2, Article 4 of the Interim
Regulations on Foreign Exchange Control of the People’s Republic of China.

    Article 9  Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in
China shall be permitted to keep in their own possession the foreign exchange
already in China. However, such foreign exchange shall not, without
authorization, be carried or sent out of China by owners or others or by post;
if the owners need to sell the foreign exchange, they must sell it to the Bank
of China, and the matter shall be handled by applying mutatis mutandis the
provisions of Article 2 of these Rules.

    Article 10  The foreign exchange remitted or brought into China from
foreign countries or from Hong Kong, Macao or other regions by foreign
nationals coming to China, by overseas Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao
compatriots returning for a short stay, by foreign experts, technicians, staff
and workers engaged to work in China, and by foreign students and trainees,
etc., may be kept in their own possession, may be sold to or deposited with
the Bank of China, or may be remitted or taken out of China on the strength of
the original Customs declaration form filled out at the time of entry.

    Article 11  When foreign experts, technicians, staff members and workers
engaged to work in organizations within China need to apply for remitting or
taking abroad their foreign exchange, the Bank of China shall handle the
matter in accordance with the stipulations as provided in the relevant
contracts or agreements.

    Article 12  These Rules shall be promulgated and put into effect by the
State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control upon approval by the State
Council.






DECISION OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESS REGARDING THE TIME LIMITS FOR HANDLING CRIMINAL CASES

Category  LITIGATION Organ of Promulgation  The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress Status of Effect  In Force
Date of Promulgation  1981-09-10 Effective Date  1981-09-10  


Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress Regarding the Time Limits for Handling Criminal Cases

(Adopted on September 10, 1981)

    Since 1981, the time limits for bandling cases as stipulated in the
Criminal Procedure Law have begin to be carraied out comprehensively
throughout the country, and the great majority of criminal cases can be
concluded within the legally prescribed time limits. However, a small
number of criminal cases which are complicated or involve outlying areas
with poor oommunication have not been concluded within the legally
prescribed time limits because of poor communications, lack of manpower
or other such conditions. In view of this the 20th Meeting of the Standing
Committee of the Fifth National People’s Congress has decided, following
a suggestion made by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the Supreme
People’s Court, that criminal cases accepted after January 1, 1981 shall in
general be handled within the time limits for bandling cases as stipulated in
the Criminal Procedure Law, except for a small number of criminal cases
which are complicated or involve outlying areas with poor communications
and which cannot be handled within the time limits stipulated in the
Criminal Procedure Law for investigation, prosecution, adjudication of first
instance and adjudication of second instance; for such cases, the standing
committees of the people’s congresses of the provinces, autonomous regions,
and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, from 1981
through 1983, decide upon or approve an appropriate extension of the time
limits for bandling them.






CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 22

NOTES (1) The enacting clause was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act, 1893, 56-57 Vict., c. 14 (U.K.). It read as...