the Ministry of Finance
Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 25 – Original Insurance Contracts
No. [2006] of the Ministry of Finance
February 15, 2006
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
With a view to regulating the recognition, measurement of the original insurance contracts concluded by insurants and the presentation
of relevant information, the present Standards are formulated according to the Accounting Standards for Enterprises – Basic Standards.
Article 2
The term “insurance contract” refers to an agreement under which the insurer and the insured stipulate the insurance rights and obligations
and the insurer undertakes the insurance risks sourced from the insured. Insurance contracts are classified into original insurance
contracts and re-insurance contracts.
The term “original insurance contract” refers to an insurance contract under which the insurer charges the insurance premium and undertakes
the liability to pay the insurance money for the property losses resulted from the prescribed possible accident(s), or undertakes
the liability to pay the insurance money when the insured dies, or is injured, disabled or sick, or attains to the stipulated age
or time period.
Article 3
The following items shall be subject to other relevant accounting standards:
(1)
The impairment of assets such as the post-loss goods produced by an original insurance contract issued by an insurer shall be subject
to the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 1- Inventories.
(2)
A contract issued by an insurer to the insured on a risk other than the insurance risks shall be subject to the Accounting Standards
for Enterprises No. 22 – Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments and the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 37
– Presentation of Financial Instruments.
(3)
A reinsurance contract issued or held by an insurer shall be subject to the Accounting Standard for Enterprises – Reinsurance Contracts.
Chapter II Determination of Original Insurance Contracts
Article 4
No matter whether a contract concluded by an insurer and an insured is an original insurance contract or not, that whether or not
the insurer has undertaken the insurance risks shall, on the basis of a single-item contract, be judged according to the contract
terms.
Where the occurrence of an insurance accident is likely to cause the insurer to undertake the liability to pay the insurance money,
it shall be determined that the insurer has undertaken the insurance risks.
The term “insurance accident” refers to accidents which are prescribed in an insurance contract and fall within the scope of insurance
liabilities.
Article 5
Where a contract concluded by an insurer and an insured puts the insurer in a position of not only undertaking the insurance risks
but also other risks, it shall be respectively treated according to the following circumstances:
(1)
Where the insurance risks can be distinguished from other risks and can be measured separately, the insurance risks may be separated
from other risks. The part of insurance risks shall be determined as an original insurance contract. And the part of other risks
may not be determined as an original insurance contract.
(2)
Where the insurance risks cannot be distinguished from other risks, or where the insurance risks can be distinguished from other risks
but can not be measured separately, the entire contract shall be determined as an original insurance contract.
Article 6
The insurer shall, in light of whether or not it undertakes the liability to pay the insurance money during the extension period of
the original insurance contracts, classify the original insurance contracts into original life insurance contracts and original non-life
insurance contracts.
Where the insurer undertakes the liability to pay the insurance money during the extension period of an original insurance contract,
it shall determine it as an original life insurance contract. Where it does not undertake the liability to pay insurance money during
the extension period of an original insurance contract, it shall determine it as an original non-life insurance contract.
The “extension period of an original insurance contract” refers to the period during which the insured does not pay premium from the
maturity date of the previous period, but the insurer still undertake the liability to pay the insurance money.
Chapter III The Income from Original Insurance Contracts
Article 7
The premium income, which can meet the following requirements simultaneously, may be recognized:
(1)
An original insurance contract has been established and corresponding insurance liabilities have been undertaken;
(2)
The economic benefits related to the original insurance contract are highly probable to flow in;
(3)
The income related to the original insurance contract can be measured reliably.
Article 8
An insurer shall, according to the following provisions, calculate and determine the amount of insurance income:
(1)
As for an original non-life insurance contract, the amount of insurance income shall be determined according to the total premium
as stipulated in the original insurance contract.
(2)
As for an original life insurance contract, if the insurance premium as charged by installments, the amount of insurance income shall
be the premium charged in the current period. If the premium is charged in a lump sum, the insurance income shall be determined according
to the premium which shall be charged in a lump sum.
Article 9
Where an original insurance is cancelled prior to the expiration date, the insurer shall, according to the stipulations of the original
insurance contract, calculate and determine the refund to the insured as the refund premium, and record it in the profits and losses
of the current period.
Chapter IV Reserves for Original Insurance Contracts
Article 10
The reserves for original insurance contracts shall include unearned premium reserves, reserves for outstanding claims, reserves for
life insurance liabilities and reserves for long-term health insurance liabilities.
The term “unearned premium reserves” refers to the reserves drawn by an insurer for unexpired non-life insurance liabilities.
The term “reserve for outstanding claims” refers the reserves drawn by an insurer for the non-life insurance accidents which have
already occurred but have not been settled.
The term “reserves for life insurance liabilities” refers to the reserves drawn by an insurer for unexpired life insurance liabilities.
The term “reserves for long-term health insurance liabilities” refers to the reserves calculated and drawn by an insurer for unexpired
long-term health insurance liabilities.
Article 11
An insurer shall, in the current period of recognition of the income from non-life insurances, calculate and draw unearned premium
reserve as an adjustment to the premium income of the current period in light of the actuarial amount, and recognize the unearned
premium reserves as a liability.
An insurer shall, on the balance sheet date, recalculate the balance between the recognized amount of the unearned premium reserves
and the drawn amount of the unearned premium reserves in light of the actuarial amount, and shall make an adjustment to the unearned
premium reserves.
Article 12
An insurer shall, in the current period when the non-life insurance accident happens, draw the reserve for outstanding claims in light
of the actuarial amount, and shall recognize the reserve for outstanding claims as a liability.
The reserve for outstanding claims includes the reserve for outstanding claims that are incurred and reported, the reserve for outstanding
claims that are incurred but not reported as well as the reserve for the expenses of settlement of claims.
The “reserve for outstanding claims that are incurred and reported” refers to the reserve made by an insurer for the compensation
cases, in which non-life insurance accidents have occurred and claims are made to the insurer, but are not settled yet.
The “reserve for outstanding claims that are incurred but not reported” refers to the reserve made by an insurer for the compensation
cases, in which non-life insurance accidents have occurred but no claim is made to the insurer yet.
The “reserve for the expenses of settlement of claims” refers to the reserve made by an insurer for the attorney fees, litigation
fees, loss inspection fees, wages and salaries of the personnel for the settlement of claims and other expenses which are likely
to incur in compensation cases, in which non-life insurance accidents have occurred but which have not been settled yet.
Article 13
An insurer shall, in the current period of recognition of life insurance premiums, draw reserves for life insurance liabilities and
long-term health insurance liabilities in light of the actuarial amounts, and shall recognize the reserves for life insurance liabilities
and those for long-term health insurance liabilities as liabilities.
Article 14
An insurer shall, at least by the end of each year, test the abundance of the reserves for outstanding claims, life insurance liabilities,
and long-term health insurance liabilities.
Where the amount of relevant reserves which are recalculated and determined by the insurer in light of the actuarial amount exceeds
the drawn amount of the relevant reserves on the abundance test date, the relevant reserves shall be replenished on the basis of
the difference. If the amount of relevant reserves which are recalculated and determined by the insurer in light of the actuarial
amount is less than the residual amount of the relevant reserves on the abundance test date, no adjustment shall be made to the relevant
reserves.
Article 15
Where an original insurance contract is cancelled prior to its expiration date, the insurer shall write off the residue amounts of
the relevant reserves for unearned premiums, life insurance liabilities and long-term health insurance liabilities, and recorded
them into the profits and losses of the current period.
Chapter V Cost of Original Insurance Contracts
Article 16
The cost of an original insurance contract refers to the total outflow of economic benefits, which is incurred by the original insurance
contract, will result in the decrease of the owners equities and is irrelevant to the distribution of profits to the owners.
The cost of an original insurance contract mainly includes the handling charges or commission, compensation cost, as well as the reserves
for outstanding claims, life insurance liabilities and long-term health insurance liabilities.
The compensation cost includes the indemnity or payment made by the insurer, and the expenses for the attorney fees, litigation fees,
loss inspection fees, wages and salaries of the personnel for the settlement of claims which are incurred during the settlement of
the claims.
Article 17
The handling fees and commissions, which are incurred to the insurer during the course of obtaining the original insurance contracts,
shall be recorded into the profits and losses of the current period.
Article 18
The reserves for outstanding claims, life insurance liabilities, and long-term health insurance liabilities, which are drawn by an
insurer in light of the actuarial amounts shall be recorded into the profits and losses of the current period.
An insurer shall, in the current period of determination of the amount of compensation, record into the profits and losses of the
current period the amount of compensation determined to make. Meanwhile, it shall offset the residual amount of the corresponding
reserves for outstanding claims, reserves for life insurance liabilities or for long-term health insurance liabilities.
Article 19
The reserves for outstanding claims, life insurance liabilities or long-term health insurance liabilities, which are replenished by
an insurer according to the abundance test, shall be recorded into the profits and losses of the current period.
Article 20
Any post-loss goods obtained by an insurer due to undertaking the liability to pay the insurance money shall be recognized as an asset
calculated at the market price of the same class of or similar asset, and shall be used to offset the compensation cost of the current
period.
When disposing of any post-loss goods, the insurer shall adjust the compensation cost of the current period according to the balance
between the amount received and the carrying amount of the post-loss goods.
Article 21
Where the subrogation recourse fee to be charged by an insurer for undertaking the liability to pay the insurance money meets the
following requirements simultaneously, it shall be recognized as the receivable subrogation recourse fee and shall be used to offset
the compensation cost of the current period:
(1)
The economic benefits related to this subrogation recourse fee is likely to flow in; and
(2)
The amount of the subrogation recourse fee can be measured reliably.
When an insurer receives the receivable subrogation recourse fee, it shall, pursuant to the balance between the received amount and
the carrying amount of the relevant receivable subrogation recourse fee, adjust the compensation cot of the current period.
Chapter VI Presentation
Article 22
An insurer shall, in the balance sheet, separately present the following items related to the original insurance contract:
(1)
the unearned premium reserve;
(2)
the reserve for outstanding claims;
(3)
the reserve for life insurance liabilities; and
(4)
the reserve for long-term health insurance liabilities.
Article 23
An insurer shall, in the profit statement, present separately the following items related to the original insurance contract:
(1)
the income from premiums;
(2)
the refunded premiums;
(3)
the drawing of unearned premium reserve;
(4)
the premiums earned;
(5)
the disbursement of handling fee;
(6)
the compensation cost;
(7)
the reserve for outstanding claims;
(8)
the reserve for life insurance liabilities; and
(9)
the reserve for long-term health insurance liabilities.
Article 24
An insurer shall, in its annotations, disclose the following information related to the original insurance contract:
(1)
the relevant information on the subrogation recourse fee;
(2)
the relevant information on the post-loss goods;
(3)
the increase and decrease of each reserve; and
(4)
the main actuarial assumptions and methods for drawing these reserves and testing the abundance of the reserves.
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