(Adopted at the 22nd Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People’s Congress on September 5, 1987,
amended according to the Decision on Revising the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric
Pollution adopted at the 15th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People’s Congress on August 29, 1995,revised
at the 15th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People’s Congress and promulgated by Order No. 32 of the President
of the People’s Republic of China on April 29, 2000)
Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Supervision over the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution
Chapter III Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution by the Burning of Coal
Chapter IV Prevention and Control of Pollutants Discharged by Motor Vehicles and Vessels
Chapter V Prevention and Control of Pollution by Waste Gas, Dust and Malodorous Gases
Chapter VI Legal Responsibility
Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I
General Provisions
Article 1 This Law is formulated for the purpose of preventing and controlling atmospheric pollution, protecting and improving
people’s environment and the ecological environment, safeguarding human health, and promoting the sustainable development of the
economy and society.
Article 2 The State Council and the local people’s governments at various levels shall incorporate the protection of the atmospheric
environment into the national economic and social development plans, make rational plans for the geographical distribution of industry,
improve scientific research in the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution and adopt measures to prevent and control atmospheric
pollution, in order to protect and improve the atmospheric environment.
Article 3 The State takes measures to control or gradually reduce, in a planned way, the total amount of the major atmospheric
pollutants discharged in different areas.
The local people’s governments at various levels shall be responsible for the quality of the atmospheric environment within the areas
under their jurisdiction, making plans and taking measures to ensure that the quality of the atmospheric environment within the said
areas meet the standards.
Article 4 The administrative departments for environmental protection under the people’s governments at or above the
county level shall exercise unified supervision over the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution.
The administrative departments for public security, transportation, railways and fishery at various levels shall perform their respective
functions in conducting supervision over atmospheric pollution caused by motor vehicles and vessels.
The relevant competent departments under the people’s governments at or above the county level shall, with the limits of their respective
functions conduct supervision over the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution.
Article 5 All units and individuals shall have the obligation to protect the atmospheric environment and shall have the right
to inform or lodge charges against units or individuals that cause pollution to the atmospheric environment.
Article 6 The administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council shall establish the national
standards for atmospheric environment quality.
The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may establish
their local standards for items not specified in the national standards for atmospheric environment quality and report the same to
the administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council for the record.
Article 7 The administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council shall, on the basis of the national
standards for atmospheric environment quality and the country’s economic and technological conditions, establish the national norm
for the discharge of atmospheric pollutants.
The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may establish
their local discharge norms for items not specified in the national norm for the discharge of atmospheric pollutants; with regard
to items already specified in the national norms for the discharge of atmospheric pollutants, they may set local discharge norms
which are more stringent than the national norm and report the same to the administrative department for environmental protection
under the State Council for the record.
Where the local norms for the discharge of atmospheric pollutants by motor vehicles and vessels established by the people’s governments
of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government are more stringent than the national norm,
they shall be subject to approval by the State Council.
Units that discharge atmospheric pollutants in areas where local discharge norms have been established shall do so in conformity
with such norms.
Article 8 The State adopts economic and technological policies and measures to facilitate the prevention and control
of atmospheric pollution and the relevant multi-purpose utilization.
Units or individuals that have made outstanding achievements in the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution or in the protection
and improvement of the atmospheric environment shall be rewarded by the people’s governments at various levels.
Article 9 The States encourages and supports scientific and technological research into the prevention and control of atmospheric
pollution, promotes the wide use of advanced and applicable technologies for such prevention and control; encourages and supports
the development and utilization of clean energy like the solar energy, wind energy and water energy.
The State encourages and supports the development of the environmental protection industries.
Article 10 The people’s governments at various levels shall redouble their efforts in afforestation, grass planting, urban
and rural greening, and take effective measures that are suited to local conditions to prevent and control desertification so as
to improve the atmospheric environment.
Chapter II
Supervision over the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution
Article 11 Projects which discharge atmospheric pollutants shall be built, expanded or rebuilt in compliance with the State
regulations requiring environmental protection in respect of such projects.
In the statement regarding the environmental impact of a construction project, the atmospheric pollution the project is likely to
product and its impact on the ecological environment shall be assessed and measures for its prevention and control be specified;
and the statement shall, in accordance with the specified procedures, be submitted to the administrative department for environmental
protection for examination and approval.
Before a construction project is put into operation or to use, its facilities for the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution
shall be subject to inspection and acceptance by the administrative department for environmental protection; no construction projects
that fail to meet the requirements specified in the State regulations requiring environmental protection in respect of such projects
shall be permitted to be put into operation or to use.
Article 12 Units that discharge atmospheric pollutants shall, pursuant to the regulations laid down by the administrative department
for environmental protection under the State Council, report to the local administrative department for environmental protection
the facilities installed for discharging and treating pollutants and the categories, quantities and density of the pollutants discharged
under regular operation conditions and submit to the same department the relevant technical data concerning the prevention and control
of atmospheric pollution.
The units that discharge pollutants, as mentioned in the preceding paragraph, shall without delay report on any substantial change
in the categories, quantities or density of the atmospheric pollutants discharged. They shall keep their facilities for treating
atmospheric pollutants in regular operation; where the said facilities are to be dismantled or left idle, the matter shall be reported
to the local administrative department for environmental protection under the people’s government at or above the county level for
approval in advance.
Article 13 No units may discharge atmospheric pollutants in excess of the density specified by the State of by local authorities.
Article 14 The State institutes a system under which fees are charged discharge of atmospheric pollutants on the basis of the
categories and quantities of the pollutants discharged and establishes reasonable rates for such fees according to the need for improved
prevention and control of atmospheric pollution and the country’s economic and technological conditions.
The rates fixed by the State shall be applied in collecting the fees for discharge of pollutants, specific measures and the procedures
for their implementation shall be prescribed by the State Council.
All the fees collected for discharge of pollutants shall be turned over to the Treasury and shall be used for the prevention and
control of atmospheric pollution as prescribed by the State Council and may not be used for other purposes. And the auditing authority
shall, in accordance with law, exercise supervision over their use through auditing.
Article 15 With regard to the areas, where the specified standards for the quality of the atmospheric environment are not met,
and the acid rain control areas and the sulfur dioxide pollution control areas designated as such with the approval of the State
Council, the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central
Government may delimit them as the areas where the total amount of the main atmospheric pollutants discharged is kept under control.
The specific measures for such control shall be prescribed by the State Council.
The relevant local people’s governments in the areas where the total amount of the atmospheric pollutants discharged is kept under
control shall, in compliance with the requirements and procedures prescribed by the State Council and in line with the principles
of openness, fairness and impartiality, check and fix the total amounts of the main atmospheric pollutants discharged by enterprises
and institutions and issue them permits for discharge for such pollutants.
The enterprises and institutions that undertake to control their total amounts of atmospheric pollutants discharged shall discharge
pollutants in conformity with the checked and fixed total amounts of the main atmospheric pollutants to be discharged and the requirements
in respect of their discharge prescribed by the permits.
Article 16 Within the scenic or historic sites, nature reserves, the areas adjacent to historical or cultural sites under protection
and other zones that need special protection, delimited as such by the State Council or the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous
regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, no industrial production installations that cause environmental
pollution shall be built; the pollutants discharged by other installations to be built in these areas may not exceed the norms prescribed.
Enterprises and institutions which, before the enforcement of this Law, have built installations that discharge pollutants in excess
of the specified norms shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 48 of this Law, put such pollution under control within
a time limit.
Article 17 The State Council shall designate key cities for prevention and control of atmospheric pollution in accordance with
the overall plan for urban development, the planned target for environmental protection and the quality of the atmospheric environment
of cities.
Municipalities directly under the Central Government, provincial capitals, open coastal cities and key tourist cities shall be included
in the list of key cities for prevention and control of atmospheric pollution.
Key cities for prevention and control of atmospheric pollution that fail to meet the standards for the quality of the atmospheric
environment shall be required to do so within the time limit specified by the State Council or the administrative department for
environmental under the State Council. The people’s governments of such cities shall make plans to meet the standards within the
time limit and may, under the authorization of the State Council or on the basis of its regulations, adopt more stringent measures
to fulfil such plans on such plans on schedule.
Article 18 The administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council together with the relevant departments
under the State Council may, in light of the meteorological, topographical, soil and other natural conditions, delimit the areas
where acid rain has occurred or will probably occur and areas that are seriously polluted by sulfur dioxide as acid rain control
areas or sulfur dioxide pollution control areas, subject to approval by the State Council.
Article 19 Enterprises shall give priority to the adoption of clean production techniques that are instrumental to high-efficient
use of energy and reduced discharge of pollutants so as to decrease the generation of atmospheric pollutants.
The State practises an elimination system for the outdated production techniques and equipment which cause serious pollution to the
atmospheric environment.
The competent department for comprehensive economic and trade affairs under the State Council shall, in conjunction with the relevant
departments under the State Council, publish a catalog of the techniques which cause serious pollution to the atmospheric environment
and the use of which shall be prohibited within a time limit, and a catalog of the equipment which causes serious pollution to the
atmospheric environment and the production, sale, importation and use of which shall be prohibited within a time limit.
Producers, sellers, importers or users shall, within the time limit specified by the competent department for comprehensive economic
and trade affairs under the State Council in conjunction with the relevant departments under the State Council, discontinue the production,
sale, importation or use of the equipment listed in the catalog as mentioned in the preceding paragraph. Users of the production
techniques listed in the catalog mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall, within the time limit specified by the competent department
for comprehensive economic and trade affairs under the State Council in conjunction with the relevant departments under the State
Council, stop using such techniques.
No equipment eliminated in accordance with the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs may be transferred to another for use.
Article 20 Any unit that, as a result of an accident or any other exigency, discharges or leaks toxic or harmful gas or radioactive
substances, thereby causing or threatening to cause an accident of atmospheric pollution and jeopardize human health, shall promptly
take emergency measures to prevent and control the atmospheric pollution hazards, make the situation known to such units and inhabitants
as are likely to be endangered by the atmospheric pollution hazards, report the case to the local administrative department for environmental
protection and accept its investigation and disposal.
Under the urgent circumstances of a severe atmospheric pollution that jeopardizes human health and safety, the local people’s government
shall make the matter known to the local inhabitants without delay and take compulsory emergency measures, including ordering
the pollutant discharging unit concerned to stop discharging pollutant.
Article 21 The administrative departments for environmental protections and other supervisory departments shall have the power
to make on-site inspections of the units under their jurisdiction that discharge pollutants. The units under inspection shall truthfully
report the situation to them and provide them with the necessary data. The inspecting departments shall have the obligation to keep
confidential the technological know-how and business secrets of the units inspected.
Article 22 The administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council shall set up a monitoring system
for atmospheric pollution, organize a monitoring network and work out unified monitoring measures.
Article 23 The administrative departments for environmental protection under the people’s governments of large and medium-sized
cities shall regularly publish bulletins on the quality of the atmospheric environment and gradually introduce the practice of forecasting
the quality of the atmospheric environment.
A bulletin on the quality of the atmospheric environment shall include such contents as the characteristics of the urban atmospheric
pollution, the types of the main pollutants and the degree of the harm caused by the pollution.
Chapter III
Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution by the Burning of Coal
Article 24 The State promotes the dressing of coal by washing to reduce the sulfur and ash in coal, and restricts the mining
of high-sulfur or high-ash coal. If the coal mined from a newly-built coal mine is of high-sulfur or high-ash, supporting facilities
for the dressing of coal by washing shall be installed to keep the sulfur and ash in coal within the limits prescribed.
If the coal mined from an established coal mine is of high-sulfur or high-ash, supporting facilities for the dressing of coal by
washing shall, in accordance with the plan approved by the State Council, be installed within a time limit.
It is prohibited to mine the coal containing toxic or harmful substances, such as radioactive and arsenic substances, that exceed
the limits prescribed.
Article 25 The relevant departments under the State Council and the local people’s governments at various levels shall adopt
measures to improve the mix of urban energy and popularize the production and utilization of clean energy.
The people’s governments of key cities for prevention and control of atmospheric pollution may, within the regions under their respective
jurisdiction, delimit areas as ones where sale and use of the seriously polluting fuels defined by the administrative department
for environmental protection under the State Council are prohibited. The units and individuals in such areas, within the time limit
prescribed by the local people’s governments, stop using such seriously polluting fuels and shall instead use natural gas, liquefied
petroleum gas, electricity or other clean energy.
Article 26 The State adopts economic and technical policies and measures conducive to the clean utilization of coal, encourages
and supports the use of fine coal of low-sulfur or low-ash, and encourages and supports the development and popularization of the
technology of coal cleaning.
Article 27 The competent department concerned under the State Council shall, pursuant to the norms for boiler discharge of
atmospheric pollutants prescribed by the State, stipulate corresponding requirements in the boiler quality standards; no boilers
that do not meet the prescribed requirements shall be manufactured, sold or imported.
Article 28 Urban construction shall be conducted on the basis of over-all planning. In areas of coal heating, unified provision
of heat sources shall be practised and central heating developed. In areas covered by central heating pipelines or networks, no coal
heating boilers may be installed.
Article 29 People’s governments of large or medium-sized cities shall make plans for catering service enterprises to start
the use of clean energy such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and electricity within a time limit.
For other users of domestic cooking ranges in urban areas of large or medium-sized cities not delimited as areas where the use of
seriously polluting fuels is prohibited, they shall, within a time limit, start to use sulfur-fixed briquette of coal or other clean
energy.
Article 30 Where heat-engine plants and other large or medium-sized enterprises that discharge sulfur dioxide are built or
expanded, if the prescribed norms for pollutants discharge or the control quotas for total amounts of discharge are exceeded, supporting
facilities for desulphurization and dust removal shall be installed or other measures for control of the discharge of sulfur dioxide
or for dust removal adopted.
In the acid rain control areas or sulfur dioxide pollution control areas, if established enterprises discharge atmospheric pollutants
in excess of the norms for pollutants discharge, they shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 48 of this Law, be required
to keep the discharge under control within a time limit.
The State encourages enterprises to adopt advanced technology for desulphurization and dust removal.
Enterprises shall adopt measures to control the nitrogen oxide generated by the burning of fuel.
Article 31 When coal, gangue, coal cinder, coal ashes, sandstone lime soil or other material is stored in densely inhabited
areas, fire and dust prevention measures shall be taken in order to prevent atmospheric pollution.
Chapter IV
Prevention and Control of Pollutants Discharged
by Motor Vehicles and Vessels
Article 32 No motor vehicles and vessels shall be permitted to discharge atmospheric pollutants in excess of the prescribed
discharge norms.
No unit or individual may manufacture, sell or import motor vehicles or vessels that discharge pollutants in excess of the prescribed
discharge norms.
Article 33 No motor vehicles in use that do not meet the norms for pollutants discharge prescribed for motor vehicles in use
at the time of their manufacture may be driven on the road.
When the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government prescribe
new norms for pollutants discharged by motor vehicles in sue and decide to have them transformed technically, they shall report the
matter to the State Council for approval.
Motor-vehicle repair units shall, in compliance with the requirements for prevention and control of atmospheric pollution and the
relevant technical norms of the State, make repairs to ensure that the motor vehicles in use meet the prescribed norms for pollutants
discharge.
Article 34 The State encourages the manufacture and use of motor vehicles and vessels that consume clean energy.
The State encourages and supports the production and use of fine fuel oil, and takes measures to reduce pollution of atmospheric
environment by harmful substances contained in fuel oil. Units and individuals shall, within the time limit prescribed by the State
Council, stop producing, importing and selling leaded gasoline.
Article 35 The administrative departments for environmental protection under the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous
regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may authorize the units which undertake annual test of motor vehicles
and whose qualifications have been verified by the public security authorities to conduct annual test of motor vehicles for their
emission of fumes in accordance with the norms prescribed.
The departments of transportation, fishery and other departments vested with supervisory power may authorize the units which undertake
annual test of motor vessels and whose qualifications have been verified by the relevant authorities to conduct annual test of motor
vessels for their emission of fumes in accordance with the norms prescribed.
The administrative departments for environmental protection under the local people’s governments at or above the county level may
conduct random supervisory test of the motor vehicles in use for the pollutants discharged at their places of parking.
Chapter V
Prevention and Control of Pollution by Waste Gas,Dust and Malodorous Gases
Article 36 Units that discharge dust into the atmosphere shall adopt measures to remove such dust.
The discharge of toxic waste gas and dust into the atmosphere shall be strictly restricted. Where such discharge is really necessary,
the discharged gas or dust undergo purification treatment so as not to exceed the prescribed discharge norms.
Article 37 Inflammable gas engendered during industrial production shall be recycled; if such gas is discharged into the atmosphere
due to the absence of the means of for recycling, it shall undergo treatment for the prevention and control of pollution.
The discharge into the atmosphere of converter gas, acetylene, yellow phosphoric tail gas engendered by electric furnace process,
or organic hydrocarbon tail gas shall be reported to the local administrative department for environmental protection for approval.
Where the installations for recycling inflammable gas cannot operate normally, they shall be repaired or updated without delay. Where
the discharge of inflammable gas is really necessary during the period when the installations for recycling cannot operate normally,
the inflammable gas to be discharged shall be fully burnt, or other measures shall be taken, to reduce atmospheric pollution.
Article 38 Units that discharge sulphide-bearing gas in the process of refining petroleum, producing synthetic ammonia or coal
gas, cooking fuel coal or smelting non-ferrous metal shall be equipped with desulphurizing installations or shall adopt other measures
for desulphurization.
Article 39 Gas and aerosols containing radioactive substances shall be discharged into the atmosphere in compliance with State
regulations on protection against radioactivity, and they may not be discharged in excess of the prescribed discharge norms.
Article 40 Units that discharge malodorous gases into the atmosphere shall take measures to prevent pollution of the neighboring
residential areas.
Article 41 In densely inhabited areas and other areas that need special protection according to law, the burning of asphalt,
asphalt felt, rubber, plastics, leather, garbage or other substances that produce toxic or harmful smoke or dust or malodorous gases
is prohibited.
In densely inhabited areas, the areas around the airports, the areas in the vicinity of main traffic arteries or the areas designated
by local people’s governments, the burning in the open air of stalks, fallen leaves or other substances that will cause smoke or
dust pollution is prohibited.
In addition to the provisions in the preceding two paragraphs, municipal people’s governments may, in light of the actual conditions,
adopt other measures to prevent and control smoke or dust pollution.
Article 42 Where substances that diffuse toxic or harmful gases or dust are transported, loaded or unloaded, or stored, sealing
or other protective measures shall be taken.
Article 43 Municipal people’s governments shall introduce the responsibility system for afforestation and take measures to
strengthen administration of construction, increase the area of paved ground and control the heaping up of debris and waste as well
as measures for clean transportation, in order to increase the per capita area of green land, reduce the area of bare land and the
amount of surface dust, and prevent and control dust pollution in the urban areas.
Units which engage in construction or other activities that generate dust pollution in the urban areas of cities shall take measures
to prevent and control dust pollution in compliance with the local regulations on environmental protection.
The relevant administrative department under the State Council shall make control of dust pollution one of the criteria for assessing
a city’s comprehensive control of its environment.
Article 44 People providing catering services in cities shall adopt measures to prevent and control pollution caused by soot
to the residential environment in the neighborhood.
Article 45 The State encourages and supports the manufacture and use of the substitutes for products that deplete the substances
of the ozone layer, gradually reducing the output of such products untill the termination of their manufacture and use.
Units which manufacture or import products that deplete substances of the ozone layer shall, within the time limit prescribed by
the State, manufacture an import such products in accordance with the quotas approved by the relevant administrative department under
the State Council.
Chapter VI
Legal Liability
Article 46 Any unit or individual that violates this Law shall, depending on the circumstances of the case, be ordered to discontinue
the violation and make rectification within a time limit, be given disciplinary warning or fined not more than 50,000 yuan by the
administrative department for environmental protection, or a supervisory department as mentioned in the second paragraph of Article
4 of this Law, for any of the following acts:
(1) Refusing to report or submitting a false report on items of pollutants discharge for which registration is required by the administrative
department for environmental protection under the State Council.
(2) Refusing an on-site inspection by the administrative department for environmental protection
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The People’s Bank of China
Circular of People’s Bank of China on Issue Concerning Implementing the Measures on Administrating the Financial Companies of Enterprise
Groups
YinFa [2000] No.218
July 13, 2000
The branches and business management departments of People’s Bank of China, financial companies supervised directly by the General
Bank:
Measures on Administrating the Financial Companies of Enterprise Groups (hereinafter referred to as Measures) is issued by Decree
No.3 [2000] of People’s Bank of China, hereby notify the relevant items on implementing the Measures:
1.
On the problem of interim of the financial company
The financial company set up before the promulgation of the Measures should be standardized according to the requirements of Measures.
The increase of the capital, the adjustment of the business scope, the amendment of rules and the change and distribution of the
finance license should be finished before June 30, 2001. The businesses that don’t coincide with the Measures should be cleaned off
in time. People’s Bank of China will check the implementation of Measures in each financial company from July 3, 2001.
2.
On the problem of branches
The financial company can’t set the branches in principle, but it shall be handled separately if the corporate body is changed into
branches as the result of reorganization of the enterprise group.
3.
On the problem of transferring and closing an account inside of the financial company
Transferring and Closing an account inside a financial company should be strictly limited among the member units. It should report
to People’s Bank of China for re-approval for the finance company that has already operated this kind of business and needs to carry
on the business. At the same time, the company should be standardized according to requirements.
4.
On the problem of issuing bond of the financial company
With a view to raising middle or long-term fund to support the technique reform of the enterprise and meet the index of proportion
of assets and liabilities, all financial companies can apply for issuing bond of the financial companies. Each branch and business
management departments of People’s Bank of China should prepare well for the issue of bond of the finance companies in the district
under its jurisdiction.
Each branch and business management departments of People’s Bank of China should organize the financial companies in the district
under its jurisdiction to study and implement the Measures and adjust promptly the criterion according to the Measures. They also
should report the problems happening during the implementation of the Measures to the General Bank in time.
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