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1990

DECREE OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE USE OF UNIFORM LEGAL MEASURES IN THE COUNTRY

Category  TECHNOLOGICAL CONTROL Organ of Promulgation  The State Council Status of Effect  In Force
Date of Promulgation  1984-02-27 Effective Date  1984-02-27  


Decree of the State Council Concerning the Use of Uniform Legal Measures in the Country


THE LEGAL MEASURES OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (see <

(Issued on February 27, 1984)

    Since the State Council issued the Decree Concerning the Unification of
the System of Measurement in 1959, which stipulates that the metric system
is the basic system of measurement in the country, remarkable achievements
have been made in promoting the metric system, reforming the Chinese market
system, restricting the British system and abolishing the old and mixed
systems in China. In order to implement the policy of opening up to the
outside world and invigorating the economy at home, meet the needs of
developing the national economy and cultural and educational undertakings,
promote the advancement of science and technology and broaden international
economic and cultural exchanges, the State Council has decided to further
unify the measures of the country on the basis of adopting the advanced
international system of measurement. The 21st Executive Meeting of the
State Council held on January 20, 1984 discussed and approved the following
documents submitted by the State Measurement Bureau: the Report Concerning
the Use of Uniform Legal Measures in the Country, the Suggestion Concerning
the full Application of the Country’s Legal Measures, and the Legal Measures
of the People’s Republic of China, The Decree is hereby issued:

    I. The Legal Measures of the People’s Republic of China (see the
Appendix) shall be adopted in any measurement in our country.

    II. The Chinese market system of measures currently in use in daily
commercial activities may remain applicable till the end of 1900, before
which the transition to the national legal measures must be completed. As
for the reform or farmland measures, a reform plan shall be drawn up and
promulgated separately on the basis of investigation and study.

    III. The reform of measures is a matter which concerns all walks of
life and broad masses of people. Leading cadres in the various localities
and departments must pay adequate attention to it and formulate vigorous and
reliable plans of implementation so as to ensure its successful completion.

    IV. The State Measurement Bureau shall be vested by this Decree with the
responsibility of the implementation thereof.

    This Decree shall go into effect from the date of issuance. If any
previous provisions come into conflict with this Decree, this Decree shall
prevail.

THE LEGAL MEASURES OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (see <REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED
MATTERS>>, China Legal System Publishing House, July, 1991, page 1231,
Volume II. — The Editor)





PROVISIONAL MEASURES OF GUANGZHOU MUNICIPALITY ON PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT FOR OVERSEAS CHINESE AND HONG KONG AND MACAO INVESTORS

Provisional Measures of GuangZhou Municipality on Preferential Treatment for Overseas Chinese and Hong Kong and MACAO Investors

     (Effective Date:1984.10.24–Ineffective Date:)

These Measures, formulated in order to encourage Overseas Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots to invest in Guangzhou Municipality
in accordance with the requirements of municipal economic construction and social development plans,stipulate preferential terms
which shall be awarded to parties which invest in Guangzhou Municipality in a sole investment operation, a joint equity or co-operative
venture with a State or collective enterprise, or in any other form of investment authorised in China:

(1) Land use fees for enterprises invested in by an Overseas Chinese, Hong Kong or Macao compatriot in Guangzhou Municipality shall
be levied at the discounted rate of 80%.

(2) The proportion of domestic sales of products manufactured by an enterprise invested in by an Overseas Chinese, Hong Kong or Macao
compatriot shall be increased to the greatest possible extent, provided the enterprise’s foreign exchange income and expenditure
balance is not affected.

(3) Where an Overseas Chinese or a Hong Kong or Macao compatriot has made an important contribution to the economic and cultural development
of Guangzhou Municipality, one of a variety of honorary post_titles, certificates of merit or citations may be issued, subject to recommendation
by a municipal, regional or county United Front Department or Overseas Chinese Affairs Department and approval by an equal level
People’s Government. If a particularly outstanding contribution is made, the party concerned may be honoured with a monument or the
post_title of “Honorary Citizen of Guangzhou Municipality”, subject to the approval of the Guangzhou Municipal People’s Congress or the
Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government.

(4) Where an Overseas Chinese or a Hong Kong or Macao compatriot imports advanced technology and invests in a project urgently required
in Guangzhou Municipality, or in the technological renovation of an old enterprise or in the operation of a development industry,
and the actual investment at on time is US$300,000 (US$200,000 for the eight municipally administered counties), one of the investor’s
relatives or friends who holds rural household registration shall be permitted to change this status to urban or township household
registration at the place where the enterprise is to be located, and shall be enpost_titled to purchasing rights for commodity cereal
food supplies. Where the actual amount of investment at one time is US$600, 000 (US$400,000 for the eight municipally administered
counties), two of the investor’s relatives or friends who hold rural household registration shall be permitted to change their status
to urban or township household registration at the place where the enterprise is to be located, and shall be enpost_titled to purchasing
rights for commodity cereal food supplies. Change of status requests shall be limited to two persons per project.

Where the actual amount of investment at one time in a non-production type project in Guangzhou Municipality by an Overseas Chinese
or a Hong Kong or Macao compatriot is US$600,000 (US$400, 000 for the eight municipally administered counties), one of the investor’s
relatives or friends holding rural household registration shall be permitted to change this status to urban or township household
registration shall be permitted to change this status to urban of township household registration at the place where the enterprise
is to be located, and shall be enpost_titled to purchasing rights for commodity cereal food supplies. Where the actual amount of investment
at one time is US$1,200,000 (US$800,000 for the eight municipally administered counties), two relatives or friends holding rural
household registration shall be permitted to change their status to urban or township household registration at the place where the
enterprise is to be located,and shall be enpost_titled to purchasing rights for commodity cereal food supplies. Change of status requests
shall be limited to two persons per project.

An application for a transfer from rural household registration to household registration in Guangzhou Municipality shall be submitted
to the Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government for examination and approval. An application for a transfer from rural household registration
to county town or market township household registration shall be subject to examination and approval by a county people’s government.
A verified certificate of the actual amount of investment shall be presented at the time of examination.

(5) An Overseas Chinese, Hong Kong or Macao investor may conduct priority recruitment of between one and three of his relatives or
friends, provided the requirements of the labour management rules of Guangzhou Municipality and of recruitment conditions for a joint
equity or co-operative enterprise are met.

(6) An Overseas Chinese, Hong Kong or Macao investor may engage a relative or friend who is resident in China to act as his representative
or agent. The agency relationship shall be authorised in writing and then notarised. If the person engaged as a representative or
agent is a State cadre or worker from Guangzhou Municipality, procedures for leave without pay shall be carried out with the relevant
organising body and the personnel and labour departments. in accordance with the relevant regulations concerning leave without pay
within the administrative framework for cadres and workers. Such representatives or agents shall not be classified within the sphere
of exported labour service.

(7) A returned Overseas Chinese, or a relative of an Overseas Chinese or a Hong Kong or Macao compatriot, who has made a contribution
through recommending an Overseas Chinese or Hong Kong or Macao investor to Guangzhou Municipality shall, in the case of a joint equity
or co-operative enterprise, be issued with a lump sum bonus by the Chinese party to the venture and, in the case of a sole investment
enterprise, a bonus shall be issued by the Chinese negotiating party. Bonuses shall be issued at different rates in accordance with
the actual amount of investment: 0.1% of the actual amount of investment for an amount of not more than RMB 1,000, 000 yuan, and
0.05% of the amount in excess of RMB 1,000,000 yuan if investment is over RMB 1,000,000 yuan. The amount of a bonus for one project
shall be limited, however, to RMB 10,000 yuan. A bonus of RMB 5,000 yuan or less shall be examined and approved by the regional,
county or bureau level authority. A bonus of more than RMB 5,000 yuan shall be examined and approved by the Guangzhou Municipal People’s
Government. A bonus shall be issued within 6 months of the actual investment of capital. In addition to a bonus, the municipal, regional
or county people’s government may, depending on the circumstances, provide a moral incentive such as a certificate of merit.

(8) Where advanced scientific and technological knowhow, commodity samples, superior strains of seeds for agricultural use, information
etc. are provided by an Overseas Chinese, a Hong Kong or Macao compatriot, a returned Overseas Chinese, or a relative of an Overseas
Chinese or a Hong Kong or Macao compatriot, and where significant benefits to production are confirmed by the relevant regional county,
bureau or municipal department, following appraisal of the product in use, a certificate of merit or a citation as well as a lump
sum bonus of between RMB 100 and 5,000 yuan, depending upon the extent of the benefit, shall be issued by the user unit. A larger
bonus may be issued for individual items of specific importance, subject to approval by the Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government.

(9) A returned Overseas Chinese, a relative of an Overseas Chinese or a Hong Kong or Macao compatriot, who has made a contribution
by introducing foreign investment and requests to travel or visit family in Hong Kong, Macao or abroad in order to further develop
foreign trade activities, may, following a recommendation by a regional, county or bureau authority and additional attestation by
the municipal United Front and Overseas Chinese Affairs Departments,be issued with priority approval by the public security department.

(10) Advanced technological equipment for use in production and valued at less than RMB 20,000 yuan, which is presented by an Overseas
Chinese or a Hong Kong or Macao compatriot to a relative for his own use shall be exempt from duty, subject to approval in accordance
with relevant provincial regulations.

(11) These Provisional Measures shall also apply to Taiwanese compatriots investing in Guangzhou Municipality.

(12) The municipal Overseas Chinese Affairs Office shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Provisional Measures. The
United Front and Overseas Chinese Affairs Departments at the various levels shall be responsible for promoting the implementation
of these Provisional Measures.

(13) Where these Provisional Measures conflict with Central Government measures for the preferential treatment of investment by Overseas
Chinese, the relevant provisions of the Central Government measures shall prevail.

    





PROCEDURES OF THE CUSTOMS OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING SUPERVISION AND CONTROL OVER POSTAL PARCELS SENT TO OR FROM HONG KONG AND MACAO

PROCEDURES GOVERNING THE CARRYING OF GOLD AND SILVER INTO OR OUT OF CHINA

INTERIM REGULATIONS ON LICENSING SYSTEM OF IMPORT COMMODITIES

Interim Regulations on Licensing System of Import Commodities of the PRC

    

(Effective Date 1984.01.10)

   Article 1. These regulations are formulated with the purpose of strengthening the planned control of import trade, enhancing the economic results
and better serving the construction of socialist modernization.

   Article 2. The People’s Republic of China practices the Licensing System of import commodities. For all commodities imported on the strength
of licenses as stipulated in these regulations unless otherwise stipulated by the State, an application shall be filed and the licence
of import commodities obtained in advance, and an order or orders for import should be placed through the corporations approved by
the State to engage in the business of importing such commodities. The Customs offices may give clearance after examination upon
the strength of licence of import commodities and other documents concerned.

   Article 3. The Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade unifies the issuance of licences of import commodities on behalf of the State.

The administrative departments of foreign economic relations and trade at the provincial level may, within the scope of power stipulated
by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, issue licences of import commodities for their respective province, municipality
under the State Council and autonomous region.

The Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade may also empower the special commissioners offices residing at the main ports
to issue licences of import commodities within the scope of power stipulated.

   Article 4. Various corporations approved by the State to engage in the business of import shall conduct the import business strictly in accordance
with the scope of operation and the list of import commodities approved.

Commodities to be imported by the head offices of foreign trade corporation specializing in import and export among the corporations
mentioned in the preceding paragraph, or by import and export corporations under various Ministries and import and export corporations
under the People’s Governments at the provincial level are, except those commodities whose import is restricted by the State, exempted
from obtaining licences of import commodities, and the Customs Offices shall give clearance after examination on the strength of
the relevant documents. All Commodities to be imported by other corporations shall apply for and obtain licences of import commodities,
and the Customs offices shall give clearance after examination on the strength of the licences of import commodities and the relevant
documents.

The departments and enterprises which are not approved by the State to engage in import business are prohibited to import commodities
without authorization.

   Article 5. Being in compliance with the stipulations of the State and approved by the relevant commissions and ministries under the State Council
or the People’s Governments of the provinces, municipalities under the State Council and autonomous regions, the commodities to be
imported under the agreements and contracts concluded with foreign parties as regards processing with materials and assembling with
components provided by foreign parties, compensation trade and contracting projects, which are not exceeding the scope of the approved
items, are exempted from obtaining licences of import commodities. But all the imported commodities controlled by the State under
the items of compensation trade and contracting projects, materials and components to be imported or the processed products under
the items of processing with materials and assembling with components provided by foreign parties, which are to be turned into domestic
sales, shall apply for and obtain licences of import commodities.

   Article 6. All Commodities whose import is restricted by the State, irrespective of their mades of imports, the sources of foreign exchanges
and the channels of imports must, in accordance with the power of approval stipulated by the State, be examined and approved by the
competent departments and departments unifying the examination, and the licences of import commodities must be applied and obtained
by the purchasing units on the strength of the documents of approval.

The items of import commodities restricted by the state shall be made public and readjusted in a unified way by the Ministry of Foreign
Economic Relations and Trade pursuant to the regulations of the State.

   Article 7. The following imports, which do not fall into the scope of items of paragraph 2 of the preceding Article, are exempted from obtaining
licences of import commodities:

(1) In import and export trade, samples provided by foreign parties free of charge or samples bought by various corporations which
may engage in import and export business in compliance with the approval of the State;

(2) Urgently needed articles for professional usages bought abroad at a price less than 5,000 US dollars on the international market
by the departments of scientific research, education, culture, sports, medicine and public health themselves in accordance with the
approval of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, foreign trade administrative departments at the provincial level
or the commissioners offices of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade stationed at various ports;

(3) Urgently needed parts and accessories of machinery, electrical appliances and precision instruments for production bought abroad
at a price less than 5,000 US dollars on the international market by enterprises of factories and mining industry themselves in conformity
with the approval of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, the foreign trade administrative departments at the provincial
level or the commissioners offices of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade stationed at various ports;

(4) Commodities imported with special approval by the State.

The Customs offices shall examine and clear the imported commodities mentioned in items 2, 3 and 4 of the first paragraph of this
Article on the strength of the certificates approved.

   Article 8. For commodities bought of one’s own as stipulated by items 2 and 3 of the first paragraph of the preceding Article, whose price on
the international market exceeds the fixed limits an application must be filed and the licence of import commodities obtained.

For urgently needed import commodities bought abroad directly by organs and associations other than those mentioned in paragraph 2
and 3 of the preceding article an application must also be filed and the licence of import commodities obtained.

   Article 9. Goods needed for production by Chinese-foreign joint ventures which can not be supplied in China, may be purchased abroad themselves
by entrusting the relevant Chinese foreign trade corporations or imported within the scope of business of the said ventures.

The scope and procedures of applying and obtaining licences of import commodities shall be dealt with in accordance with Article 63
of the “Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign
Investment”.

   Article 10. Under the following circumstances, the Ministry of Economic Relations and Trade may not issue licences of import commodities or
may cancel those already issued:

(1) Commodities, where import is banned, or temporarily suspended by decision of the State;

(2) Import commodities that are not consistent with the foreign policy of the State;

(3) Import commodities that are not consistent with the contents of the relevant bilateral trade agreements and payment agreements;

(4) Import Commodities that are not consistent with the standards of hygiene and quarantine of medicine, foodstuffs, animals, plants,
agricultural products, animal by-products and aquatic products as stipulated by the departments of public health, Agriculture, Animal
Husbandry and fishery of the State.

(5) Other import commodities that are detrimental to the interests of the State or procured through illegal dealings.

   Article 11. Official letters of the units at or above the provincial departments or bureau level shall be produced, and import certificates
approved by the competent departments and the departments unifying the examination be submitted when applying for the obtaining licences
of import commodities. The particulars of an application should include the name of the import commodities, specifications, quantity,
value, usages, countries from which the commodities imported, sources of foreign exchanges, units conducting transactions with foreign
parties and similar items.

The licences of import commodities shall be issued after verifying by the licence-issuing authorities, if the said particulars are
consistent with the regulations.

In obtaining the licences of import commodities, the applying units shall apply in conformity with the facts strictly, and shall not
resort to fraud and forgery violations shall be held responsible.

   Article 12. The period of validity of an import licence is one year. In case of failure to import the commodities within the period of validity,
the licence-obtaining units may apply for an extension to the licence-issuing authority, which may extend correspondingly the period
of validity of the licence in accordance with the stipulations of the contract.

   Article 13. The Customs offices may confiscate the commodities or instruct that they be shipped back in case they are imported without authorization
for not applying and obtaining the licences beforehand in defiance of these regulations; as regards the commodities imported with
licences issued retroactively by the licence-issuing authority, the customs offices may exercise discretion in light of the circumstances
to give clearance after imposing a fine. The Customs offices shall, in accordance with the relevant provision of the laws and regulations
of China’s Customs, dispose of those who have forged, smeared and altered or transferred the licences of import commodities.

   Article 14. Commodities imported by the Special Economic Zone for the use inside the zone shall be dealt with according to the special regulations
of the Special Economic Zone; All imported commodities and products of the Special Economic Zone, which are transported from the
Special Economic Zone to the hinterland, shall be dealt with in the light of the stipulations of these regulations.

   Article 15. The Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade shall be responsible for the interpretation of these regulations rules for
the implementation of these Regulations shall be formulated by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade together with
the Customs General Administration.

   Article 16. These regulations shall come into force from the day of the promulgation.

    





PROCEDURES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGULATIONS ON LABOUR MANAGEMENT IN JOINT VENTURES USING CHINESE AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT

PROCEDURES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGULATIONS ON LABOUR MANAGEMENT IN JOINT VENTURES USING CHINESE AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT&NBSP;

MARITIME TRAFFIC SAFETY LAW OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

REGIONAL NATIONAL AUTONOMY

Law of the People’s Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy

     (Effective Date:1984.10.01–Ineffective Date:)

LAW OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON REGIONAL NATIONAL AUTONOMY

(Adopted at the Second Session of the Sixth National People’s Congress, promulgated by Order No.13 of the President of the People’s
Republic of China on May 31, 1984, and effective as of October 1, 1984)

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER II ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS AREAS AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE ORGANS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT

CHAPTER III THE POWER OF AUTONOMY OF THE ORGANS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT

CHAPTER IV THE PEOPLE’S COURTS AND PEOPLE’S PROCURATORATES OF NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS AREAS

CHAPTER V RELATIONS AMONG NATIONALITIES WITHIN A NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS AREA

CHAPTER VI LEADERSHIP AND ASSISTANCE FROM STATE ORGANS AT HIGHER LEVELS

CHAPTER VII SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

PREFACE

The People’s Republic of China is a unitary multinational state created jointly by the people of all its nationalities. Regional national
autonomy is the basic policy adopted by the Communist Party of China for the solution of the national question in China through its
application of Marxism-Leninism; it is an important political system of the state.

Regional national autonomy means that the minority nationalities, under unified state leadership, practise regional autonomy in areas
where they live in concentrated communities and set up organs of self-government for the exercise of the power of autonomy. Regional
national autonomy embodies the state’s full respect for and guarantee of the right of the minority nationalities to administer their
internal affairs and its adherence to the principle of equality, unity and common prosperity for all its nationalities.

Regional national autonomy has played an enormous role in giving full play to the initiative of all nationalities as masters of the
country, in developing among them a socialist relationship of equality, unity and mutual assistance, in consolidating the unification
of the country and in promoting socialist construction in the national autonomous areas and the rest of the country. The system of
regional national autonomy will have a still greater role to play in the country’s socialist modernization in the years to come.

It has been proven by practice that adherence to regional national autonomy requires that the national autonomous areas be given effective
guarantees for implementing state laws and policies in the light of existing local conditions; that large numbers of cadres at various
levels and specialized personnel and skilled workers of various professions and trades be trained from among the minority nationalities;
that the national autonomous areas strive to promote local socialist construction in the spirit of self-reliance and hard work and
contribute to the nation’s construction as a whole; and that the state strive to help the national autonomous areas speed up their
economic and cultural development in accordance with the plans for national economic and social development. In the effort to maintain
the unity of the nationalities, both big-nation chauvinism, mainly Han chauvinism, and local national chauvinism must be opposed.

Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, the people of various
nationalities in the autonomous areas shall, together with the people of the whole country, adhere to the people’s democratic dictatorship
and to the socialist road, concentrate their efforts on socialist modernization, speed up the economic and cultural development of
the national autonomous areas, work towards their unity and prosperity and strive for the common prosperity of all nationalities
and for the transformation of China into a socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.

The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy is the basic law for the implementation of the system of regional
national autonomy prescribed in the Constitution.

CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS

   Article 1. The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy is formulated in accordance with the Constitution of the
People’s Republic of China.

   Article 2. Regional autonomy shall be practised in areas where minority nationalities live in concentrated communities.

National autonomous areas shall be classified into autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties.

All national autonomous areas are integral parts of the People’s Republic of China.

   Article 3. Organs of self-government shall be established in national autonomous areas as local organs of state power at a particular level.

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall apply the principle of democratic centralism.

   Article 4. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall exercise the functions and powers of local organs of state as specified
in Section 5 of CHAPTER III of the Constitution. At the same time, they shall exercise the power of autonomy within the limits of
their authority as prescribed by the Constitution, by this Law and other laws, and implement the laws and policies of the state in
the light of existing local conditions.

The organs of self-government of autonomous prefectures shall exercise the functions and powers of local state organs over cities
divided into districts and cities with counties under their jurisdiction and, at the same time, exercise the power of autonomy.

   Article 5. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas must uphold the unity of the country and guarantee that the Constitution
and other laws are observed and implemented in these areas.

   Article 6. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall lead the people of the various nationalities in a concentrated effort
to promote socialist modernization.

On the principle of not contravening the Constitution and the laws, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall
have the power to adopt special policies and flexible measures in the light of local conditions to speed up the economic and cultural
development of these areas.

Under the guidance of state plans and on the basis of actual conditions, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas
shall steadily increase labour productivity and economic results, develop social productive forces and gradually raise the material
living standards of the people of the various nationalities.

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall inherit and carry forward the fine traditions of national cultures,
build a socialist society with an advanced culture and ideology and with national characteristics, and steadily raise the socialist
consciousness and scientific and cultural levels of the people of the various nationalities.

   Article 7. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall place the interests of the state as a whole above anything else
and make positive efforts to fulfil the tasks assigned by state organs at higher levels.

   Article 8. State organs at higher levels shall guarantee the exercise of the power of autonomy by the organs of self-government of national
autonomous areas and shall, in accordance with the characteristics and needs of these areas, strive to help them speed up their socialist
construction.

   Article 9. State organs at higher levels and the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall uphold and develop the socialist
relationship of equality, unity and mutual assistance among all of China’s nationalities. Discrimination against and oppression of
any nationality shall be prohibited; any act which undermines the unity of the nationalities or instigates national division shall
also be prohibited.

   Article 10. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall guarantee the freedom of the nationalities in these areas to use
and develop their own spoken and written languages and their freedom to preserve or reform their own folkways and customs.

   Article 11. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall guarantee the freedom of religious belief to citizens of the various
nationalities.

No state organ, public organization or individual may compel citizens to believe in, or not to believe in, any religion, nor may they
discriminate against citizens who believe in, or do not believe in, any religion.

The state shall protect normal religious activities. No one may make use of religion to engage in activities that disrupt public order,
impair the health of citizens or interfere with the educational system of the state.

Religious bodies and religious affairs shall not be subject to any foreign domination.

CHAPTER II ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS AREAS AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE ORGANS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT

   Article 12. Autonomous areas may be established where one or more minority nationalities live in concentrated communities, in the light of local
conditions such as the relationship among the various nationalities and the level of economic development, and with due consideration
for historical background.

Within a national autonomous area, appropriate autonomous areas or nationality townships may be established where other minority nationalities
live in concentrated communities.

Some residential areas and towns of the Han nationality or other nationalities may be included in a national autonomous area in consideration
of actual local conditions.

   Article 13. With the exception of special cases, the name of a national autonomous area shall be composed of the name of the locality and the
name of the nationality and the administrative status, in that order.

   Article 14. The establishment of a national autonomous area, the delineation of its boundaries and the elements of its name shall be proposed
by the state organ at the next higher level jointly with the state organ in the relevant locality, after full consultation with representatives
of the relevant nationalities, before they are submitted for approval according to the procedures prescribed by law.

Once defined, the boundaries of a national autonomous area may not be altered without authorization. When an alteration is found necessary,
it shall be proposed by the relevant department of the state organ at the next higher level after full consultation with the organ
of self-government of the national autonomous area before it is submitted to the State Council for approval.

   Article 15. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall be the people’s congresses and people’s governments of autonomous
regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties.

The people’s governments of national autonomous areas shall be responsible and report on their work to the people’s congresses at
corresponding levels and to the administrative organs of the state at the next higher level. When the people’s congresses at corresponding
levels are not in session, they shall be responsible and report on their work to the standing committees of these people’s congresses.
The people’s governments of all national autonomous areas shall be administrative organs of the state under the unified leadership
of the State Council and shall be subordinate to it.

The organization and work of the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall be specified in these areas’ regulations
on the exercise of autonomy or separate regulations, in accordance with the Constitution and other laws.

   Article 16. In the people’s congress of a national autonomous area, in addition to the deputies from the nationality exercising regional autonomy
in the administrative area, the other nationalities inhabiting the area are also enpost_titled to appropriate representation.

The number and proportion of deputies to the people’s congress of a national autonomous area from the nationality exercising regional
autonomy and from the other minority nationalities shall be decided upon by the standing committee of the people’s congress of a
province or an autonomous region, in accordance with the principles prescribed by law, and shall be reported to the Standing Committee
of the National People’s Congress for the record.

Among the chairman and vice-chairmen of the standing committee of the people’s congress of a national autonomous area shall be one
or more citizens of the nationality exercising regional autonomy in the area.

   Article 17. The chairman of an autonomous region, the prefect of an autonomous prefecture or the head of an autonomous county shall be a citizen
of the nationality exercising regional autonomy in the area concerned. Other posts in the people’s government of an autonomous region,
an autonomous prefecture or an autonomous county should, whenever possible, be assumed by people of the nationality exercising regional
autonomy and of other minority nationalities in the area concerned.

The people’s governments of national autonomous areas shall apply the system of giving overall responsibility to the chairman of an
autonomous region, the prefect of an autonomous prefecture or the head of an autonomous county, who shall direct the work of the
people’s governments at their respective levels.

   Article 18. The cadres in the departments under the organs of self-government of a national autonomous area should, whenever possible, be chosen
from citizens of the nationality exercising regional autonomy and of the other minority nationalities in the area.

CHAPTER III THE POWER OF AUTONOMY OF THE ORGANS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT

   Article 19. The people’s congresses of national autonomous areas shall have the power to enact regulations on the exercise of autonomy and separate
regulations in the light of the political, economic and cultural characteristics of the nationality or nationalities in the areas
concerned. The regulations on the exercise of autonomy and separate regulations of autonomous regions shall be submitted to the Standing
Committee of the National People’s Congress for approval before they go into effect. The regulations on the exercise of autonomy
and separate regulations of autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties shall be submitted to the standing committees of the people’s
congresses of provinces or autonomous regions for approval before they go into effect, and they shall be reported to the Standing
Committee of the National People’s Congress for the record.

   Article 20. If a resolution, decision, order or instruction of a state organ at a higher level does not suit the conditions in a national autonomous
area, the organ of self-government of the area may either implement it with certain alterations or cease implementing it after reporting
to and receiving the approval of the state organ at a higher level.

   Article 21. While performing its functions, the organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall, in accordance with the regulations
on the exercise of autonomy of the area, use one or several languages commonly used in the locality; where several commonly used
languages are used for the performance of such functions, the language of the nationality exercising regional autonomy may be used
as the main language.

   Article 22. In accordance with the needs of socialist construction, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall take various
measures to train large numbers of cadres at different levels and various kinds of specialized personnel, including scientists, technicians
and managerial executives, as well as skilled workers from among the local nationalities, giving full play to their roles, and shall
pay attention to the training of cadres at various levels and specialized and technical personnel of various kinds from among the
women of minority nationalities.

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may adopt special measures to provide preferential treatment and encouragement
to specialized personnel joining in the various kinds of construction in these areas.

   Article 23. When recruiting personnel, enterprises and institutions in national autonomous areas shall give priority to minority nationalities
and may enlist them from the population of minority nationalities in rural and pastoral areas. When recruiting personnel from the
population of minority nationalities in rural and pastoral areas, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties must report to and
secure the approval of the people’s governments of the provinces or autonomous regions.

   Article 24. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may, in accordance with the military system of the state and practical
local need and with the approval of the State Council, organize local public security forces for the maintenance of public order.

   Article 25. Under the guidance of state plans, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently arrange for and
administer local economic development.

   Article 26. Under the guidance of state plans, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall work out the guidelines, policies
and plans for economic development in the light of local characteristics and needs.

   Article 27. Given the prerequisite of adherence to the principles of socialism, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall,
in accordance with legal stipulations and in the light of the characteristics of local economic development, rationally readjust
the relations of production and reform the structure of economic administration.

In accordance with legal stipulations, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall define the ownership of, and
the right to use, the pastures and forests within these areas.

   Article 28. In accordance with legal stipulations, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall manage and protect the natural
resources of these areas.

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall protect and develop grasslands and forests and organize and encourage
the planting of trees and grass. Destruction of grasslands and forests by any organization or individual by whatever means shall
be prohibited.

In accordance with legal stipulations and unified state plans, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may give
priority to the rational exploitation and utilization of the natural resources that the local authorities are enpost_titled to develop.

   Article 29. Under the guidance of state plans, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently arrange local capital
construction projects according to their financial and material resources and other specific local conditions.

   Article 30. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently administer the enterprises and institutions under
local jurisdiction.

   Article 31. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently arrange for the use of industrial, agricultural and
other local and special products after fulfilling the quotas for state purchase and for state distribution at a higher level.

   Article 32. In accordance with state provisions, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may pursue foreign economic and trade
activities and may, with the approval of the State Council, open foreign trade ports.

National autonomous areas adjoining foreign countries may develop border trade with the approval of the State Council.

While conducting foreign economic and trade activities, the organs of self-government of the national autonomous areas shall enjoy
preferential treatment by the state with regard to the proportion of foreign exchange retained by them and in other respects.

   Article 33. The finance of a national autonomous area constitutes a particular level of finance and is a component of state finance.

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall have the power of autonomy in administering the finances of their
areas. All revenues accruing to the national autonomous areas under the financial system of the state shall be managed and used by
the organs of self-government of these areas on their own.

The revenues and expenditures of national autonomous areas shall be specified by the State Council on the principle of giving preferential
treatment to such areas.

In accordance with stipulations concerning the state financial system, if the revenues of a national autonomous area exceeds its expenditures,
a fixed amount of the surplus shall be delivered to the financial department at a higher level. Once fixed, the amount to be delivered
may remain unchanged for several years. If the expenditures of a national autonomous area exceeds its revenues, a subsidy shall be
granted by the financial department at a higher level.

A national autonomous area shall, in accordance with state stipulations, lay aside a reserve fund for expenditure in its budget. The
proportion of the reserve fund in its budget shall be higher than that in the budgets of other areas.

While implementing its fiscal budget, the organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall arrange for the use of extra
income and savings from expenditures at its own discretion.

   Article 34. In accordance with the principles set by the state and in the light of local conditions, the organs of self-government of national
autonomous areas may work out supplementary provisions and concrete procedures with regard to the standards of expenditure, the sizes
of the staff and the quotas of work for their respective areas. The supplementary provisions and concrete procedures worked out by
autonomous regions shall be reported to the State Council for the record; those worked out by autonomous prefectures and autonomous
counties shall be reported to the people’s governments of the relevant provinces or autonomous regions for approval.

   Article 35. While implementing the tax laws of the state, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may grant tax exemptions
or reductions for certain items of local financial income which should be encouraged or given preferential consideration in taxation,
in addition to items on which tax reduction or exemption require unified examination and approval by the state. The decisions of
autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties on tax deduction and exemption shall be reported to the people’s governments of the
relevant provinces or autonomous regions for approval.

   Article 36. In accordance with the guidelines of the state on education and with the relevant stipulations of the law, the organs of self-government
of national autonomous areas shall decide on the plans for the development of education in these areas, on the establishment of various
kinds of schools at different levels, on their educational system, forms, curricula, the language used in instruction and enrollment
procedures.

   Article 37. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently develop education for the nationalities by eliminating
illiteracy, setting up various kinds of schools, spreading compulsory primary education, developing secondary education and establishing
specialized schools for the nationalities, such as teachers schools, secondary technical schools, vocational schools and institutes
of nationalities to train specialized personnel from among the minority nationalities.

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may set up public primary schools and secondary schools, mainly boarding
schools and schools providing subsidies, in pastoral areas and economically under developed, sparsely populated mountain areas inhabited
by minority nationalities.

Schools where most of the students come from minority nationalities should, whenever possible, use textbooks in their own languages
and use these languages as the media of instruction. Classes for the teaching of Chinese (the Han language) shall be opened for senior
grades of primary schools or for secondary schools to popularize Putonghua, the common speech based on Beijing pronunciation.

   Article 38. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently develop literature, art, the press, publishing, radio
broadcasting, the film industry, television and other cultural undertakings in forms and with characteristics unique to the nationalities.

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall collect, sort out, translate and publish books of the nationalities
and protect the scenic spots and historical sites in their areas, their precious cultural relics and their other important historical
and cultural legacies.

   Article 39. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall make independent decisions on local plans for developing science
and technology and spreading knowledge of science and technology.

   Article 40. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall make independent decisions on plans for developing local medical
and health services and for advancing both modern medicine and the traditional medicine of the nationalities.

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall see to a more effective prevention and treatment of endemic diseases,
provide better protection for the health of women and children, and improve sanitary conditions.

   Article 41. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently develop sports, promote the traditional sports of
the nationalities and improve the physical fitness of the people of the various nationalities.

   Article 42. The organs of self-government of the national autonomous areas shall strive to develop exchanges and cooperation with other areas
in education, science and technology, culture and art, public health, sports, etc.

In accordance with relevant state provisions, the organs of self-government of autonomous regions and autonomous prefectures may conduct
exchanges with foreign countries in education, science and technology, culture and art, public health, sports, etc.

   Article 43. In accordance with legal stipulations, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall work out measures for control
of the transient population.

   Article 44. In accordance with legal stipulations, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall, in the light of local conditions,
work out measures for family planning.

   Article 45. The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall protect and improve the living environment and the ecological environment
and shall prevent and control pollution and other public hazards.

CHAPTER IV THE PEOPLE’S COURTS AND PEOPLE’S PROCURATORATES OF NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS AREAS

   Article 46. The people’s courts and people’s procuratorates of national autonomous areas shall be responsible to the people’s congresses at corresponding
levels and their standing committees. The people’s procuratorates of national autonomous areas shall also be responsible to the people’s
procuratorates at higher levels.

The administration of justice by the people’s courts of national autonomous areas shall be supervised by the Supreme People’s Court
and by people’s courts at higher levels. The work of the people’s procuratorates of national autonomous areas shall be directed by
the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and by people’s procuratorates at higher levels.

Members of the leadership and of the staff of the people’s court and of the people’s procuratorate of a national autonomous area shall
include people from the nationality exercising regional autonomy in that area.

   Article 47. In the prosecution and trial of cases, the people’s courts and people’s procuratorates of national autonomous areas shall use the
language commonly used in the locality. They shall guarantee that citizens of the various nationalities enjoy the right to use the
spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings. The people’s courts and people’s procuratorates should
provide translation for any party to the court proceedings who is not familiar with the spoken or written languages commonly used
in the locality. Legal documents should be written, according to actual needs, in the language or languages commonly used in the
locality.

CHAPTER V RELATIONS AMONG NATIONALITIES WITHIN A NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS AREAS

   Article 48. The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall guarantee equal rights for the various nationalities in the area.

The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall unite the cadres and masses of the various nationalities and give
full play to their initiative in a joint effort to develop the area.

   Article 49. The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall persuade and encourage cadres of the various nationalities to learn
each other’s spoken and written languages. Cadres of Han nationality should learn the spoken and written languages of the local minority
nationalities. While learning and using the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities, cadres of minority nationalities
should also learn Putonghua and the written Chinese (Han) language commonly used throughout the country.

Awards should be given to state functionaries in national autonomous areas who can use skillfully two or more spoken or written languages
that are commonly used in the locality.

   Article 50. The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall help other minority nationalities living in concentrated communities
in the area establish appropriate autonomous areas or nationality townships.

The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall help the various nationalities in the area develop their economic,
educational, scientific, cultural, public health and physical culture affairs.

The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall give consideration to the characteristics and needs of nationalities
living in settlements scattered over the area.

   Article 51. In dealing with special issues concerning the various nationalities within its area, the organ of self-government of a national autonomous
area must conduct full consultation with their representatives and respect their opinions.

  

MINIMUM SANITARY REQUIREMENTS FOR FACTORIES AND STOREHOUSES OF FOOD FOR EXPORT

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 21

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 20

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 19

CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 18

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