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CIRCULAR OF THE STATE ADMINISTRATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE AND THE GENERAL ADMINISTRATION OF CUSTOMS ON LAUNCHING A PILOT PROJECT FOR NETWORK EXAMINING THE VERIFICATION OF EXPORT COLLECTION IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE BY ELECTRONIC SYSTEM FOR EXECUTING LAWS AT PORTS

The State Administration of Foreign Exchange, the General Administration of Customs

Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange and the General Administration of Customs on Launching a Pilot Project for
Network Examining the Verification of Export Collection in Foreign Exchange by Electronic System for Executing Laws at Ports

Huifa [2001] No.7

January 22, 2001

Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangzhou Branch of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (hereinafter SAFE), Beijing Department of
the SAFE, Guangdong Branch of the General Administration of Customs (hereinafter GAC), and each Customs directly under GAC:

According to the written reply of the State Council to GAC and other 11 government departments on the Written Request on Relevant
Issues Concerning Setting up An Electronic System For Executing Laws At Ports (hereinafter ESELAP), and to the instructions of the
State Council Leaders on Speeding up the Establishment of ESELAP, ESELAP has been developed and tested. It was put into use experimentally
on December 15, 2000 in Beijing, and is planned to operate in Shanghai, Tianjing, and Zhuangzhou at the beginning of February 2001.

A sub-system of ESELAP named Export Collection in Foreign Exchange makes use of the advanced information technology, draws support
from the state telecommunication public network. The enterprise can apply for verification certificate of export collection in foreign
exchange (hereinafter Verification Certificate) by inter-net at any time. SAFE can issue Verification Certificates by inter-net,
set up a live nationwide electronic accounts Database of Verification Certificate in pubic data center, and provide electronic data
of Verification Certificates to the customs and departments collecting state taxes for customs declarations and drawbacks. Thus ESELAP
shall improve foreign exchange supervision by cross-checking electronic data, and prevent lawless persons from using forged, altered,
embezzled, or falsely used paper-made Verification Certificates for foreign exchange evasion, smuggling, and drawbacks.

To ensure smooth experimental operation of the System of Export Collection in Foreign Exchange (hereinafter SECFE), relevant issues
are circulated as follows:

1.

SECFE is a major project of the state to formalize foreign trade and financial order, and to ensure economic safety of the state.
It is also one of the sub-systems of ESELAP that go into experimental operation first. Branches of SAFE in pilot cities and every
customs in the whole country shall attach great importance to the experimental operation of SECFE. Leaders at each level shall personally
organize the work of propaganda, mobilization, and training in their own department, especially the work of implementation. SAFE
and the customs shall each take their own responsibility and cooperate each other closely in order to establish a clear and harmonious
inter-department working mechanism. SAFE shall issue Verification Certificates by inter-net seriously, and ensure the electronic
accounts data of Verification Certificates authentic and correct. Customs shall check the electronic accounts data of Verification
Certificates issued in pilot areas strictly, and stop all kinds of foreign exchange evasion by using forged, altered, embezzled,
and falsely used paper-made Verification Certificates.

2.

SAFE branches in pilot cities shall do following works strictly according to requirement:

(1)

Employing new version Verification Certificates. New Version Verification Certificate refers to one that is stamped with bar code
and special seal for network experiment in the column of term of validity. New version Verification Certificate needs not to be marked
with term of validity. It is regarded as long-term valid.

(2)

The amount of paper-made new version Verification Certificate issued by SAFE to the enterprise shall be the smaller one comparing
the amount applied for by inter-net with that confirmed by the local SECFE that the enterprise can acquire. SAFE shall simultaneously
input the electronic accounts data of Verification Certificate issued to the public data center.

(3)

SAFE shall no longer require the applicant on the spot fill out its name in or affix its name seal to paper-made new version Verification
Certificate. However, before officially using the new version Verification Certificate, the user shall fill out its name or affix
its name seal, and affix its official seal to it.

(4)

When conducting the procedure of verification of export collection in foreign exchange, SAFE shall examine paper-made new version
Verification Certificates, customs declaration form and its special copy for verifying export foreign exchange earnings collected,
check the data in electronic accounts of customs declaration form to see if they show no difference from those in paper-made customs
declaration form. If so, the verification procedure shall be conducted, and the data verified shall be input into the Public Data
Center timely.

(5)

If new version Verification Certificate has no electronic accounts data, or electronic accounts show difference from paper-made vouchers,
the SAFE branch who issued it shall accept the enterprise inquiry timely. The SAFE who accepts the inquiry shall resolve all of the
problems in 5 working days. If the difference is derived from wrong paper-made vouchers, mistakes shall be corrected with the vouchers,
if is from wrong electronic accounts data, the data shall be corrected or supplemented. SAFE shall ensure the accuracy of the paper-made
vouchers of new version Verification Certificate and electronic accounts data, as well as the consistence between them.

3.

Each customs in pilot cities shall do following works strictly according to requirement:

(1)

When conducting the procedure of customs declaration for the enterprise, customs shall adhere to the principle of one copy of Verification
Certificate, one copy of customs declaration form.

(2)

Before declaring exports to customs, the enterprise shall record the serial number of the new version Verification Certificate at
the same customs that it will declare to by inter-net in advance. The customs shall not accept unrecorded Verification Certificate.

(3)

Customs who check new version Verification Certificate by external network shall examine case by case the consistence (including the
serial number of the Verification Certificates, the name of enterprise, etc.) between paper-made Verification Certificate and electronic
accounts on the spot of export declaration. For Customs who check new version Verification Certificates automatically by internal
network, the computer shall automatically compare relevant contents (including the serial number of the Verification Certificate,
name code of the enterprise) between the customs declaration form and the electronic accounts data of new version Verification Certificate.
Examination shall be strengthened on the spot of export declaration to ensure voucher-to-voucher consistence, and voucher-to-electronic
data consistence of customs declaration form and new version Verification Certificate.

(4)

When conducting the procedure of customs clearance, customs shall write their opinion in the column of Check and Release by Customs,
and make a note of been used in electronic accounts data of new version Verification Certificates by computer or by hand.

(5)

In the case that goods are returned in full-amount, customs who check new version Verification Certificate by external network shall
delete the information of corresponding customs declaration form, and at the same time mark the electronic accounts data of new version
Verification Certificate with Goods Returned by hand. For customs who check new version Verification Certificate automatically by
internal network shall delete the information of corresponding customs declaration form, the computer shall at the same time automatically
mark the electronic accounts data of new version Verification Certificate with Goods Returned.

(6)

In the case that customs declaration form is returned because of being filled incorrectly, customs shall reinstate electronic accounts
data of corresponding new version Verification Certificate as Unused.

(7)

Customs shall ensure the accuracy of the paper-made vouchers of customs declaration form and electronic accounts data, as well as
the consistence between them. If customs declaration form has no electronic accounts data, or electronic accounts data show difference
from paper-made vouchers, the customs who issued it shall accept the enterprise inquiry timely. The customs that accept the inquiry
shall resolve all of the problems in 5 working days. If the difference is derived from wrong paper-made vouchers, mistakes shall
be corrected with the vouchers. If it is from wrong electronic data, the data shall be corrected or supplemented.

4.

Timetable for experimental operation of SECFE

(1)

As of February 8, 2001, export enterprises in Beijing shall apply for new version Verification Certificates by inter-net, and apply
for paper-made new version Verification Certificates with SAFE by presenting their IC card. New version Verification Certificate
shall begin to be employed as of February 18. Customs nationwide shall check the electronic accounts data of paper-made new version
Verification Certificates in Beijing by network as of February 18. Unused old version paper-made Verification Certificates of the
enterprise can not be used any longer as of the same day. All of them shall be returned to SAFE for being written off in 1 month.

(2)

As of March 15, 2001, every enterprise in Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangzhou shall apply for new version Verification Certificates by
inter-net, and apply for paper-made new version Verification Certificates with SAFE by presenting its IC card. New version Verification
Certificate shall begin to be employed as of April 1, 2001. Customs nationwide shall check the electronic accounts data in these
cities by network when enterprises in these cities begin to use paper-made new version Verification Certificate for customs declaration.
Unused old version paper-made Verification Certificates of the enterprise can not be used any longer as of April 1. All of them shall
be returned to SAFE for being written off in 1 month.

(3)

SECFE is planned to operate nationwide as of June 1, 2001. Every enterprise, SAFE branch, and customs shall operate according to the
requirement of SECFE.

5.

An Announcement is distributed here as an attachment to you for smooth experimental operation of SECFE. Please make it pubic in relevant
media and put it up at the office spot of SAFE and customs according to the course of experimental operation.

If there is any problem during the implementation, please report to SAFE of GAC in time.

Hotline to SAFE: 010-68518956

Hotline to GAC: 010-65195656



 
The State Administration of Foreign Exchange, the General Administration of Customs
2001-01-22

 







INTERIM GENERAL RULES CONCERNING INSPSCTION OF ENTRY AND EXIT TRAINS, TRAIN CREW, PASSENGERS AND LUGGAGE

Interim General Rules Concerning Inspsction of Entry and Exit Trains, Train Crew, Passengers and Luggage

     (Effective Date:1951.05.24–Ineffective Date:)

1. These General Rules are formulated to unify the inspection work relating to the entry and exit trains, train crew, passengers,
luggage, and articles passengers carry along in order to ensure the safety of driving, to maintain the public order in the border
areas, to prevent epidemic diseases from spreading, and to suppress smuggling.

2. The following government organs shall, in accordance with their respective competent scope of operations carry out inspections,
at stations in the country’s border areas, of the entry and exit trains, train crew, passengers, luggage, and articles passengers
carry along.

(1) Public security organs: It shall be responsible for inspecting passengers’ passports and other certificates, for safeguarding
the operations on trains, and for maintaining the public order in the country’s border areas; shall work in cooperation with the
Customs Office in inspecting trains, train crew, passengers, luggage, and articles passengers carry along; and, when necessity arises,
shall inspect certain suspicious passengers separately.

(2) Quarantine organs: It shall be responsible for inspection and prevention of diseases and epidemic diseases on trains and among
train crew and passengers.

(3) Customs offices: It shall be responsible for inspecting trains, train crew, passengers, luggage, and articles passengers carry
along, for smuggled goods; and when necessary, it shall inspect passengers suspicious of smuggling individually.

Other government organs, unless specially authorized by the Government Administrative Council, are not permitted to conduct inspections.

3. To carry out the inspection of the entry and exit trains, train crew, passengers, luggage, and articles passengers carry along,
the railway authorities shall notify all inspection units concerned to effect a coordinated inspection at a specified time in accordance
with the stipulations in the preceding article; if no special situation occurs, the inspection shall be made, in principle, just
once.

4. In principle, inspections are not carried out on board the trains; when necessity arises, however, a coordinated inspection shall
be carried out on board the trains by the public security organ, the Customs office and the quarantine organ; the working procedures
for such a coordinated inspection shall be worked out by the organs concerned through consultation.

5. The inspection of foreign diplomatic personnel shall be carried out in accordance with the pertinent provisions promulgated by
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs under the Central People’s Government.

6. In principle, inspections are not carried out on board the domestic trains, except by the public security organ; however, inspections
shall be carried out by the organs concerned through the railway authorities under either of the following two circumstances.

(1) When trains running from or to epidemic-stricken areas, or when epidemic cases or deaths from epidemic diseases occur on the train,
and the quarantine organ considers it necessary to make an inspection;

(2) When the train is running close to border area where smuggling is rampant, or when suspicious cases of smuggling arise and the
Customs office considers it necessary to make an inspection.

7. At all stations on the country’s borders, the public security organ shall be responsible for calling and presiding over regular
meetings on the coordination in inspection work; and all organs concerned shall discuss problems that crop up during the inspections,
and exchange views on how to coordinate their actions, to work in close cooperation under division of competence, and to simplify
operative procedures.

8. Government inspection personnel shall wear uniforms and the badges and armbands issued by their respective organs.

9. The term inspection, as mentioned in these General Rules, refers to the inspection provisions listed in the various items in Article
2 of these General Rules. Other provisions of inspection, such as the control of cargo shipment and the inspection and examination
of goods for taxation as executed by the Customs office, shall be executed by various organs concerned in accordance with the existing
relevant provisions.

10. All the inspection organs concerned under the Central Government shall, in accordance with their respective competent scope of
operations, send immediately to the Ministry of Railways the regulations and decrees concerning the prohibitions, restrictions and
bans to be imposed on the railway transportation of passengers and cargos; and the same procedure shall be followed when amendments
are made.

11. These General Rules shall go into effect after their promulgation by the Government Administrative Council. If any former inspection
procedures adopted in various regions conflict with these General Rules, the former shall be abolished.

    






DECISION OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESS ON ISSUE WHETHER PERSONS DEPRIVED OF POLITICAL RIGHTS CAN SERVE AS DEFENDERS

Category  LITIGATION Organ of Promulgation  The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress Status of Effect  In Force
Date of Promulgation  1956-05-08 Effective Date  1956-05-08  


Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on Issue Whether Persons Deprived of Political Rights Can Serve
As Defenders

(Adopted at the 39th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the National

People’s Congress on May 8, 1956)

    On May 8, 1956, the thirty-ninth Meeting of the Standing Committee of
the National People’s Congress discussed the issue whether persons deprived
of political right can serve as defenders or not, which is submitted by the
Supreme People’s Court. It was decided that persons deprived of political
rights can not serve as defenders during the period of depriving of their
political rights, unless those deprived of politecal rights are close
relatives or guardians of defendants.






REGULATIONS FOR TAXATION ON THE TRANSPORTATION INCOME OF VESSELS OF FOREIGN NATIONALITY

THE LAW OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON JOINT VENTURE USING CHINESE AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT

REGULATIONS OF THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE CONCERNING THE COLLECTION AND REMISSION OF INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL TAXES ON IMPORT AND EXPORT COMMODITIES

INCOME TAX LAW CONCERNING CHINESE-FOREIGN JOINT VENTURES

The Income Tax Law of the PRC Concerning Chinese-Foreign Joint Ventures

    

(Adopted by the Third Session of the Fifth National People’s Congress and Promulgated on and Effective as of September 10, 1980)

   Article 1 Income tax shall be paid in accordance with the provisions of this Law by Chinese-foreign joint ventures (hereafter referred to as
“joint ventures”) located in the People’s Republic of China on all of their income from production and business operations and on
other income.

Income tax on the income from production and business operations and on other income of branches of a joint venture inside and outside
China shall be paid by their head office on a consolidated basis.

   Article 2 The taxable income of a joint venture shall be the excess of its gross income in a tax year over its deductible costs, expenses and
losses.

   Article 3 The income tax rate on joint ventures shall be 30 percent. In addition, a local income tax of 10 percent of the assessed income tax
shall be levied.

The income tax rates on joint ventures that develop petroleum, natural gas and other resources shall be stipulated separately.

   Article 4 When a foreign joint venturer remits abroad its share of profit obtained from the venture, an income tax of 10 percent of the remitted
amount shall be levied.

   Article 5 A newly established joint venture scheduled to operate for a period of 10 years or more, upon approval by the tax authorities of
an application filed by the venture, shall be exempted from income tax in the first profit-making year and allowed a 50 percent reduction
of income tax in the second and third years.

With the approval of the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China, joint ventures engaged in relatively low-profit operations
such as farming and forestry and joint ventures established in remote, economically underdeveloped regions may be allowed a 15 to
30 percent reduction in income tax for another 10 years following the expiration of the period for exemption and reductions specified
in the preceding paragraph.

   Article 6 A joint venturer that reinvests in China its share of profit obtained from the venture for a period of not less than five years shall,
upon a approval by the tax authorities of an application filed by the joint venturer, be refunded 40 percent of the income tax already
paid on the reinvested portion. If it withdraws the investment within five years, it shall repay the refunded tax.

   Article 7 Losses incurred by a joint venture in a tax year may be carried over to the next tax year and offset against a corresponding amount
from that year’s income. Should the income in the subsequent tax year be insufficient to offset the said losses, the balance may
be offset against income in successive years, but within a period not exceeding five years.

   Article 8 Income tax on joint ventures shall be computed and levied on an annual basis and paid in advance in quarterly installments. Such
advance payments shall be made within 15 days after the end of each quarter, and the final settlement shall be made within three
months after the end of each tax year, with a refund for any overpayment or a supplemental payment for any deficiency.

   Article 9 A joint venture shall file its income tax returns in respect of advance payments with the local tax authorities within the period
prescribed for advance payments; and an annual income tax return, together with the statements of final accounts, shall be filed
within three months after the end of the tax year.

   Article 10 Income tax on joint ventures shall be computed in terms of Renminbi. Income in foreign currency shall be taxed on the equivalent
amount converted into Renminbi according to the foreign exchange rate quoted by the State General Administration of Exchange Control
of the People’s Republic of China.

   Article 11 When a joint venture starts to operate, changes its line of production, moves to a new site, ceases to operate or changes or assigns
its registered capital, it shall present the pertinent certificates to and go through tax registration with the local tax authorities
within 30 days after registering with the General Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People’s Republic of China.

   Article 12 The tax authorities have the right to investigate the financial, accounting and tax affairs of a joint venture. The joint venture
must make reports according to the facts and provide pertinent information, may not refuse to co-operate and may not conceal the
facts.

   Article 13 A joint venture must pay its tax within the prescribed time limit. In case of failure to do so, the tax authorities, in addition
to setting a new time limit for tax payment, shall impose a surcharge for overdue payment equal to 1/2 of 1 percent of the overdue
tax for every day in arrears, starting from the first day payment becomes overdue.

   Article 14 The tax authorities may exercise their discretion in light of the circumstances to impose a fine on a joint venture that has violated
the provisions of Article 9, 11 or 12 of this Law.

In dealing with a joint venture that has evaded or refused to pay tax, the tax authorities, in addition to pursuing the tax payment,
may impose a fine of up to but not exceeding five times the tax underpaid or not paid, in accordance with the seriousness of the
case. Cases of gross violation shall be handled by the local people’s courts in accordance with the law.

   Article 15 In case of a dispute with the tax authorities over tax payment, a joint venture must first pay the tax as prescribed before applying
to higher tax authorities for reconsideration. If it does not accept the decision made after re-consideration, it may bring a suit
in the local people’s courts.

   Article 16 Income tax paid abroad by a joint venture or its branches may be credited against the assessed income tax of the head office.

When agreements on avoidance of double taxation have been concluded between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and foreign
governments, income tax credits shall be handle in accordance with the provisions of the respective agreements.

   Article 17 Rules for the implementation of this Law shall be formulated by the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China.

   Article 18 This Law shall go into effect on the day of its promulgation.

(The English translations are for reference only)

    






MARRIAGE LAW

Marriage Law of the People’s Republic of China

    

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER II MARRIAGE CONTRACT

CHAPTER III FAMILY RELATIONS

CHAPTER IV DIVORCE

CHAPTER V SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS

   Article 1. This Law is the fundamental code governing marriage and family relations.

   Article 2. A marriage system based on the free choice of partners, on monogamy and on equality between man and woman shall be applied.

The lawful rights and interests of women, children and old people shall be protected.

Family planning shall be practised.

   Article 3. Marriage upon arbitrary decision by any third party, mercenary marriage and any other acts of interference in the
freedom of marriage shall be prohibited. The exaction of money or gifts in connection with marriage shall be prohibited. Bigamy
shall be prohibited. Maltreatment and desertion of one family member by another shall be prohibited.

CHAPTER II MARRIAGE CONTRACTS

   Article 4. Marriage must be based upon the complete willingness of both man and woman. Neither party may use compulsion on the other party,
and no third party may interfere.

   Article 5. No marriage may be contracted before the man has reached 22 years of age and the woman 20 years of age. Late marriage
and late childbirth shall be encouraged.

   Article 6. No marriage may be contracted under any of the following circumstances:

(1) if the man and the woman are lineal relatives by blood, or collateral relatives by blood up to the third degree of
kinship; or

(2) if the man or the woman is suffering from leprosy, a cure not having been effected, or from any other disease
which is regarded by medical science as rending a person unfit for marriage.

   Article 7. Both the man and the woman desiring to contract a marriage shall register in person with the marriage registration office.
If the proposed marriage is found to conform with the provisions of this Law, the couple shall be allowed to register
and issued marriage certificates. The husband-and-wife relationship shall be established as soon as they acquire the marriage
certificates.

   Article 8. After a marriage has been registered, the woman may become a member of the man’s family or vice versa, depending on the agreed
wishes of the two parties.

CHAPTER III FAMILY RELATIONS

   Article 9. Husband and wife shall have equal status in the family.

   Article 10. Both husband and wife shall have the right to use his or her own surname and given name.

   Article 11. Both husband and wife shall have the freedom to engage in production and other work, to study and to participate
in social activities; neither party may restrict or interfere with the other party.

   Article 12. Both husband and wife shall have the duty to practise family planning.

   Article 13. The property acquired by the husband and the wife during the period in which they are under contract of marriage shall be
in their joint possession, unless they have agreed otherwise.

Husband and wife shall enjoy equal rights in the disposition of their jointly possessed property.

   Article 14. Husband and wife shall have the duty to maintain each other.

If one party fails to perform this duty, the party in need of maintenance shall have the right to demand maintenance
payments from the other party.

   Article 15. Parents shall have the duty to bring up and educate their children; children shall have the duty to support and assist
their parents.

If parents fail to perform their duty, children who are minors or are not capable of living on their own shall have the
right to demand the costs of upbringing from their parents.

If children fail to perform their duty, parents who are unable to work or have difficulty in providing for themselves
shall have the right to demand support payments from their children.

Infanticide by drowning and any other acts causing serious harm to infants shall be prohibited.

   Article 16. Children may adopt either their father’s or their mother’s surname.

   Article 17. Parents shall have the right and duty to subject their children who are minors to discipline and to protect them. If
children who are minors cause damage to the state, the collective or individuals, their parents shall have the duty to compensate
for the losses financially.

   Article 18. Husband and wife shall have the right to inherit each other’s property.

Parents and children shall have the right to inherit each other’s property.

   Article 19. Children born out of wedlock shall enjoy the same rights as children born in wedlock. No one may harm or discriminate against
them.

The father of a child born out of wedlock shall bear part or the whole of the child’s living and educational expenses
until the child can support himself.

   Article 20. The state shall protect lawful adoption. The relevant provisions of this Law governing the relationship between
parents and children shall apply to the rights and duties in the relationship between foster-parents and foster-children.

The rights and duties in the relationship between a foster-child and his natural parents shall terminate with the establishment
of his adoption.

   Article 21. Maltreatment and discrimination shall not be allowed between step-parents and step-children.

The relevant provisions of this Law governing the relationship between parents and children shall apply to
the rights and duties in the relationship between step-fathers or step-mothers and their stepchildren who receive care
and education from them.

   Article 22. Grandparents who can afford it shall have the duty to bring up their grandchildren who are minors and whose parents
are dead. Grandchildren who can afford it shall have the duty to support their grandparents whose children are dead.

   Article 23. Elder brothers or elder sisters who can afford it shall have the duty to bring up their younger brothers or sisters who
are minors, if their parents are dead or have no means to bring them up.

CHAPTER IV DIVORCE

   Article 24. Divorce shall be granted if husband and wife both desire it. Both parties shall apply to the marriage registration
office for divorce. The marriage registration office, after clearly establishing that divorce is desired by both parties
and that appropriate arrangements have been made for the care of any children and the disposition of property, shall
issue the divorce certificates without delay.

   Article 25. If one party alone desires a divorce, the organization concerned may carry out mediation or the party may appeal
directly to a people’s court to start divorce proceedings.

In dealing with a divorce case, the people’s court should carry out mediation; divorce shall be granted if
mediation fails because mutual affection no longer exists.

   Article 26. If the spouse of a soldier in active service desires a divorce, the soldier’s consent must be obtained.

   Article 27. A husband may not apply for a divorce when his wife is pregnant or within one year after the birth of the child. This
restriction shall not apply in cases where the wife applies for a divorce, or when the people’s court deems it necessary to
accept the divorce application made by the husband.

   Article 28. If, after divorce, both parties desire to resume their husband-and-wife relationship, they shall apply for
registration of remarriage with the marriage registration office. The marriage registration office shall allow them to register.

   Article 29. The relationship between parents and children shall not come to an end with the parents divorce. After divorce,
whether the children are put in the custody of the father or the mother, they shall remain the children of both parents.

After divorce, both parents shall still have the right and duty to bring up and educate their children.

In principle, the mother shall have the custody of a breast-fed infant after divorce. If a dispute arises between the
two parents over the custody of their child who has been weaned and they fail to reach an agreement, the people’s court
shall make a judgment in accordance with the rights and interests of the child and the actual conditions of both
parents.

   Article 30. If, after divorce, one parent has been given custody of a child, the other parent shall bear part or the whole
of the child’s necessary living and educational expenses. The two parents shall seek agreement regarding the
amount and duration of such payment. If they fail to reach an agreement, the people’s court shall make a judgment.

The agreement or court judgment on the payment of a child’s living and educational expenses shall not prevent
the child from making a reasonable request, when necessary, to either parent for an amount exceeding what was decided
upon in the said agreement or judgment.

   Article 31. At the time of divorce, the husband and the wife shall seek agreement regarding the disposition of their jointly possessed
property. If they fail to reach an agreement, the people’s court shall make a judgment, taking into consideration the
actual circumstances of the property and the rights and interests of the wife and the child.

   Article 32. At the time of divorce, debts incurred jointly by the husband and the wife during their married life shall be paid out
of their jointly possessed property. If such property is insufficient to pay the debts, the two parties shall
discuss alternative ways of payment. If they fail to reach an agreement, the people’s court shall make a judgment. Debts
incurred separately by the husband or the wife shall be paid by the party who incurred them.

   Article 33. If, at the time of divorce, one party has difficulty in supporting himself or herself, the other party shall render
appropriate financial assistance. Specific arrangements shall be worked out by both parties through consultation.
If they fail to reach an agreement, the people’s court shall make a judgment.

CHAPTER V SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

   Article 34. Persons violating this Law shall be subject to administrative or legal sanctions in accordance with the
law and on the merits of each case.

   Article 35. In cases where a person refuses to abide by the judgments or rulings on costs of upbringing, maintenance or support payments,
or on the partitioning or inheritance of property, the people’s court shall enforce the execution of the judgments
or rulings in accordance with the law. The organizations concerned shall have the duty to assist such executions.

   Article 36. The people’s congresses of national autonomous areas and their standing committees may formulate certain adaptations
or supplementary provisions in keeping with the principles of this Law and in the light of the specific conditions
of the local nationalities in regard to marriage and family. Provisions formulated by autonomous prefectures
and autonomous counties must be submitted to the standing committee of the people’s congress of the relevant
province or autonomous region for approval. Provisions formulated by autonomous regions must be submitted to the
Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress for the record.

   Article 37. This Law shall come into force as of January 1, 1981.

The Marriage Law of the People’s Republic of China promulgated on May 1, 1950 shall be invalidated as of the day this
Law comes into force.

    






A CLARIFICATION OF THE COMMISSION FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS ON SEVERAL QUESTIONS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERIM PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF RESIDENT REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES OF FOREIGN ENTERPRISES

The General Office of the State Council

Circular of the General Office of the State Council Concerning the Transmission of a Clarification Submitted by the Commission for
the Administration of Foreign Investments on Several Questions on the Implementation of Interim Provisions of the State Council of
the People’s Republic of China on the Administration of Resident Representative Offices of Foreign Enterprises

The clarification submitted by the Commission for the Administration of Foreign Investments on several questions on the implementation
of “Interim Provisions of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China on the Administration of Resident Representative Offices
of Foreign Enterprises”, has been approved by the State Council and is hereby transmitted to you, and you are requested to implement
it accordingly.

The General Office of the State Council

August 3, 1981

A Clarification of the Commission for the Administration of Foreign Investments on Several Questions on the Implementation of Interim
Provisions of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China on the Administration of Resident Representative Offices of Foreign
Enterprises

Since the promulgation of the “Interim Provisions of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China on the Administrative of
Resident Representative Offices of Foreign Enterprises” (hereinafter referred to as the “Interim Provisions”), the various examining
and approving units have, in accordance with the “Interim Provisions”, examined and approved, the applications filed by foreign businessmen
for the establishment of resident representative offices, the departments for the administration of industry and commerce have approved
their registration, and the organs of public security have performed residence procedures; work in this respect has made very good
progress, and the administrative work concerning the resident representative offices of foreign enterprises has been strengthened
to some extent. However, in the course of implementing the “Interim Provisions”, there still exist some questions which need to be
defined more sharply or clarified. Now, several questions concerning the implementation of the “Interim Provisions” are hereby clarified
as follows:

(1)

“Other economic organizations”, as mentioned in Article 1 of the “Interim Provisions”, refer to those organizations which are engaged
in economic, trade, technological or finance business activities but are not called companies or enterprises as such, and which also
include such non-profit economic organizations as the Japanese-Chinese Economic Association, the Japanese Association for the Promotion
of International Trade, the National Council for American-Chinese Trade Relations, and Council for Canadian-Chinese Trade Relations.

(2)

Article 2 of the “Interim Provisions”, which reads: “Those who have not obtained approval or have not gone through the procedures
for registration shall not be permitted to undertake business operations as resident representative offices”, means that those who
have not obtained approval or have not gone through the procedures for registration shall not be permitted to undertake business
operations in the capacity of the staff of resident (representative) offices, and neither shall they be permitted to put up any sign
at their residences that represents foreign companies or enterprises.

With respect to those who undertake unauthorized business operations in the capacity of the staff of resident (representative) offices
without going through the proper approval registration procedures for setting up resident representative offices, the departments
for the administration of industry and commerce shall notify the persons concerned to close down their resident offices and to stop
their business operations forthwith.

(3)

With respect to the certifying documents and relevant materials to be presented by foreign enterprises when applying for permission
to set up resident representative offices as provided for in Article 3 of the “Interim Provisions”, the written application and
the vesting instrument must be presented in the original and the other certifying documents may be presented in duplicate or photo
copies. As regards “documentation as to creditworthiness issued by the financial institutions”, if a foreign businessman has difficulty
providing one, flexibility may be exercised by requiring the foreign businessman concerned to present certifying documents indicating
business transactions concluded between the foreign businessman and a bank within the preceding year instead.

When a non-profit foreign economic organization applies for permission to set up its resident representative office, it may be exempt
from presenting the documentation as to creditworthiness required in Article 3 of the “Interim Provisions”.

(4)

“Enterprises outside these lines of business”, as mentioned in Article 4 of the “Interim Provisions”, refer to those trades such
as cooperative exploitation of oil and coal resources and etc. which are beyond the approving authority of the Ministry of Foreign
Trade, the People’s Bank of China, the Ministry of Communications, and the Civil Aviation Administration of China, and the parties
concerned shall submit their applications to the competent departments concerned under the State Council for approval in light of
the nature of their businesses.

With respect to those non-profit foreign economic organizations, which are the counterparts of the China Council for the Promotion
of International Trade, their applications for permission to set up resident representative offices shall, for the time being, be
submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Trade for examination and approval. In the course of examination and approval, the Ministry
of Foreign Trade shall consult with the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade.

With respect to foreign businessmen in the trust and investment trades, their applications for permission to set up resident representative
offices shall, for the time being, be submitted to the People’s Bank of China for examination and approval. In the course of examination
and approval, the People’s Bank of China shall consult with the China International Trust and Investment Corporation.

(5)

In the event that several foreign enterprises of different trades jointly apply for permission to set up a comprehensive resident
representative office, they shall submit their application to the Commission for the Administration of Foreign Investments of the
People’s Republic of China, and the latter shall examine and approve the application in consultation with the relevant units.

(6)

Owing to the serious shortage of housing at present, strict control shall be exercised, by the examining and approving organ in accordance
with the specific conditions, over the number of staff of the proposed resident representative offices of foreign enterprises and
over the duration of residence. An application to set up a resident representative office shall not be approved if the problem of
housing has not been solved.

The maximum duration of residence, approved on each occasion, shall not exceed 3 years. On the expiration of this prescribed period,
if it is necessary to have an extension, the foreign enterprise concerned shall submit anew its application to the examining and
approving organ 3 months before the expiration of the original prescribed duration of residence. And, after obtaining approval, the
foreign enterprise concerned shall apply to the department for administration of industry and commerce for registration.

If resident representative offices are to be set up in China in accordance with an agreement between the Chinese government and foreign
governments, the foreign enterprises concerned shall go through the procedures for registration in accordance with the “Interim Provisions”,
and the number of staff of the proposed resident representative office, the duration of residence, the registration fees, etc., shall
be handled according to the principle of reciprocity.

(7)

The approving organ, while issuing the certificate of approval to the applying unit, shall notify in writing the General Administration
for Industry and Commerce. The departments for administration of industry and commerce shall, after the foreign enterprise concerned
has gone through the registration procedures, notify without delay the State Commission for the Administration of Foreign Investments,
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Public Security, the General Administration of Customs, and the State Taxation Administration
under the Ministry of Finance.

With respect to foreign enterprises in the trust and investment trades which apply for permission to set up their resident representative
offices, after they have obtained approval and have gone through the registration procedures, the department concerned shall at the
same time notify the China International Trust and Investment Corporation.

With respect to those non-profit foreign economic organizations, which are the counterparts of the China Council for the Promotion
of International Trade applying for permission to set up their resident representative offices, after they have obtained approval
and have gone through the registration procedures, the department concerned shall at the same time notify the China Council for the
Promotion of International Trade.

(8)

Article 5 of the “Interim Provisions” reads: “The original approval document shall be turned over in case of failure to register
at the expiring of the specific period”. An applicant shall go through the procedures for registration with the department for administration
of industry and commerce within 30 days from the day he/she has received the certificate; if he/she has failed to do so within the
prescribed time limit, he/she shall be considered to have withdrawn automatically the original application, and the certificate of
approval already issued to him/her shall become invalid automatically, and he/she shall be required to return the certificate of
approval to the original approving organ.

(9)

The change of “address”, as mentioned in Article 7 of the “Interim Provisions”, refers to a change effected within the same city.
However, the change of room number within the same building shall not be considered as a change of the address. The resident representative
office concerned is required to notify, without delay, change of the address of the resident office to the local competent department
concerned and also to the department for registration.

In case that the resident representative office of a foreign enterprise has to change its address at the request of the competent
department concerned of China, the foreign enterprise concerned shall be required to go through the procedures for the registration
of the change without paying any registration fees.

(10)

The engagement of working personnel by the resident representative office of a foreign enterprise shall be handled in accordance with
the provisions in Document No.48, signed and issued jointly, in 1981, by the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, the General Administration for Industry and Commerce, the Commission for the Administration of Imports and Exports, and
the Ministry of Foreign Trade; and, in principle, no individual of a third country or Chinese without regular registered residence
in China shall be hired. However, in special cases, citizens of a third country or individuals from the areas of Hong Kong and Macao
may be engaged with the approval of the local department of foreign affairs services and of the labor department.

(11)

Article 4 of “Circular Concerning Registration of Resident Representative Offices of Foreign Enterprises” promulgated by the General
Administration for Industry arid Commerce of the People’s Republic of China on December 8, 1980, provides: “the resident representative
offices, or the resident representatives, of foreign enterprises approved by the competent departments of the people’s government
of the province, municipality directly under the Central Government, and autonomous region” refer to the resident representative
offices of foreign enterprises approved before the promulgation of the “Interim Provisions” by the State Council on October 30, 1980.
Applications to set up resident representative offices submitted by foreign enterprises after the promulgation of the “Interim Provisions”
shall be handled in accordance with the “Interim Provisions”.

(12)

In the event that foreign businessmen apply for permission to set up resident representative offices in cities other than Beijing,
with the exception of such trades as banking or air transportation-die applications shall be submitted directly to the competent
departments listed in Article 4 of the “Interim Provisions”, all other trades shall, in light of the nature of their respective
businesses, apply accordingly to the local bureau of foreign trade or bureau of communications of the province, municipality directly
under the Central Government, or autonomous region, or to the departments or bureaus in the localities, which have a direct business
relationship with the ministries, commissions or bureaus under the State Council; and the aforesaid departments shall, in turn, write
their comments on the written applications and forward same, for examination and approval, to the competent departments concerned
listed in Article 4 of the “Interim Provisions”.

(13)

With the exception of such trades as banking and air transportation, in case that foreign businessmen apply for permission to set
up resident representative offices in the two provinces of Guangdong and Fujian, their applications shall be submitted to the provincial
governments for examination and approval. In case that resident representative offices are to be set up in the Shenzhen, Zhuhai and
Xiamen Special Economic Zones, the applications shall be submitted for examination and approval to the provincial committee for the
administration of special economic zones.

(14)

If enterprises established and run abroad by overseas Chinese, by compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, wish to set up resident
representative offices in China (including Guangdong and Fujian Provinces and the special economic zones), their applications shall
be dealt with reference to the “Interim Provisions” and this Clarification.

(15)

Should problems arise in the course of the execution of the “Interim Provisions” and of this Clarification, and explanations and solutions
are called for, they shall be handled through coordination and consultation by the State Commission for the Administration of Foreign
Investments.



 
The General Office of the State Council
1981-08-03

 







INTERIM REGULATIONS ON PUNISHMENT OF SERVICEMEN WHO COMMIT CRIMES CONTRARY TO THEIR DUTIES

Interim Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Punishment of Servicemen Who Commit Crimes Contrary to Their Duties

     (Effective Date:1982.01.01–Ineffective Date:)

   Article 1. In accordance with the guiding ideas and fundamental principles of the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China, these Regulations
are formulated with a view to punishing servicemen for criminal acts in contravention of their duties, inculcating in them the conscientious
performance of their duties and strengthening the combat effectiveness of the armed forces.

   Article 2. Any act of a serviceman on active duty of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army that contravenes his duties and endangers the state’s
military interests and is punishable with criminal penalties by law constitutes a crime in contravention of a serviceman’s duties.
However, if the circumstances are clearly minor and the harm is not great, the act shall not be considered a crime and shall be dealt
with in accordance with military discipline.

   Article 3. Any person who violates the provisions for use of weapons and equipment, if the circumstances are serious, and causes a major liability
accident leading to severe injury or death of another person or other serious consequences shall be sentenced to imprisonment of
not more than three years or criminal detention; and in cases where the consequences are especially serious, the sentence shall be
imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than seven years.

   Article 4. Any person who discloses important military secrets of the state or loses documents or objects containing such secrets in violation
of the laws and regulations on the protection of state military secrets, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to
imprisonment of not more than seven years or criminal detention.

Any person who commits the crime in the preceding paragraph during wartime shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not less than three
years and not more than ten years or, if the circumstances are especially serious, to imprisonment of not less than ten years or
life imprisonment.

Any person who steals, collects or furnishes military secrets for the enemy or foreigners shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not
less than ten years or life imprisonment or death.

   Article 5. Any person in command or on duty who leaves his post or neglects his duties, thereby causing serious consequences, shall be sentenced
to imprisonment of not more than seven years or criminal detention.

Any person who commits the crime in the preceding paragraph during wartime shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not less than five
years.

   Article 6. Any person who deserts from the armed forces in violation of the military service law, if the circumstances are serious, shall be
sentenced to imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

Any person who commits the crime in the preceding paragraph during wartime shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not less than three
years and not more than seven years.

   Article 7. Any person who secretly crosses the national boundary (borderline) in order to flee the country shall be sentenced to imprisonment
of not more than three years or criminal detention or, if the circumstances are serious, to imprisonment of not less than three years
and not more than ten years. The punishment of such crimes during wartime shall be heavier than in time of peace.

   Article 8. Any serviceman on duty at the frontier or coastal defence line who out of improper personal considerations allows another person
to cross the national boundary (borderline) without authorization shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not more than five years
or criminal detention or, if the circumstances are serious, to imprisonment of not less than five years. The punishment of such crimes
during wartime shall be heavier than in time of peace.

   Article 9. Any serviceman who abuses his power of office and maltreats or persecutes a subordinate, if the circumstances are so offensive as
to have resulted in serious bodily injury of another person or other serious consequences, shall be sentenced to imprisonment of
not more than five years or criminal detention. If he has caused the death of a person, he shall be sentenced to imprisonment of
not less than five years.

   Article 10. Any person who, by force or threat, hinders commanding personnel or personnel on duty from performing their duties shall be sentenced
to imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention or, if the circumstances are serious, to imprisonment of not less
than five years. If the circumstances are especially serious, or a person’s serious bodily injury or death is caused, the offender
shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or death. The punishment of such crimes during wartime shall be heavier than in time of peace.

   Article 11. Any person who steals weapons, equipment or military supplies shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal
detention or, if the circumstances are serious, to imprisonment of not less than five years and not more than ten years. If the circumstances
are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not less than ten years or life imprisonment. The punishment of
such crimes during wartime shall be heavier than in time of peace, and the offender may be sentenced to death if the circumstances
are especially serious.

   Article 12. Any person who destroys weapons, equipment or military installations shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not more than three years
or criminal detention. Any person who destroys important weapons, equipment or military installations shall be sentenced to imprisonment
of not less than three years and not more than ten years. If the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to imprisonment
of not less than ten years, life imprisonment or death. The punishment for such crimes during wartime shall be heavier than in time
of peace.

   Article 13. Any person who inflicts bodily injury on himself, thus disqualifying himself from fulfilling his military obligation during wartime,
shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not more than three years or, if the circumstances are serious, to imprisonment of not less
than three years and not more than seven years.

   Article 14. Any person who fabricates rumours to mislead others and undermine army morale during wartime shall be sentenced to imprisonment of
not more than three years or, if the circumstances are serious, imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years.

Any person who colludes with the enemy to spread rumours so as to mislead others and undermine army morale shall be sentenced to imprisonment
of not less than ten years or life imprisonment. If the circumstances are especially serious, he may be sentenced to death.

   Article 15. Any person who is directly responsible for deliberate abandonment of the wounded on the battlefield shall, if the circumstances are
offensive, be sentenced to imprisonment of not more than three years.

   Article 16. Any serviceman who in fear of fighting deserts from his unit before a battle shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not more than
three years or, if the circumstances are serious, to imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years. If his
desertion has caused serious losses to a battle or campaign, he shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not less than ten years, life
imprisonment or death.

   Article 17. Any serviceman who disobeys orders in battle, thereby jeopardizing the military operations, shall be sentenced to imprisonment of
not less than three years and not more than ten years. If serious losses are caused to a battle or campaign, he shall be sentenced
to imprisonment of not less than ten years, life imprisonment or death.

   Article 18. Any serviceman who intentionally makes a false report about the military situation or communicates a false military order, thereby
jeopardizing the military operations, shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years.
If serious losses are caused to a battle or campaign, he shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not less than ten years, life imprisonment
or death.

   Article 19. Any serviceman who in fear of death on the battlefield voluntarily lays down his arms and surrenders to the enemy shall be sentenced
to imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years or, if the circumstances are serious, to imprisonment of
not less than ten years or life imprisonment.

Any serviceman who, after surrendering to the enemy, works for the enemy shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not less than ten years,
life imprisonment or death.

   Article 20. Any serviceman who plunders or mistreats innocent residents in areas of military operations shall be sentenced to imprisonment of
not more than seven years or, if the circumstances are serious, to imprisonment of not less than seven years. If the circumstances
are serious, he shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or death.

   Article 21. Any serviceman who maltreats prisoners of war, if the circumstances are offensive, shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not more
than three years.

   Article 22. During wartime, any serviceman who commits a crime and is sentenced to imprisonment of not more than three years with a reprieve
pronounced may, in consideration of the absence of actual danger from him, be allowed to atone for his crime by performing meritorious
deeds. Should he truly perform meritorious deeds, the original sentence may be rescinded, and he shall not be punished as a criminal.

   Article 23. All servicemen on active duty who commit crimes not provided for in these Regulations shall be punished in accordance with the relevant
articles of the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China.

   Article 24. Servicemen whose crimes have caused great harm may, in addition, be deprived of their decorations, medals and post_titles of honour.

   Article 25. These Regulations are applicable to staff members and workers on the regular payroll of military establishments, who commit crimes
covered in these Regulations.

   Article 26. These Regulations shall go into effect as of January 1, 1982.

    






CONSTITUTION ACT, 1982 – page 22

NOTES (1) The enacting clause was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act, 1893, 56-57 Vict., c. 14 (U.K.). It read as...